Sr2Si5N8∶Eu2+光物理性能及电子结构的研究

运用碳热还原氮化法(CRN)合成了Sr2Si5N8和Sr2Si5N8∶Eu2+粉体,所得到物相的XRD图谱显示,掺杂Eu2+后比掺杂前峰值向高角度方向偏移.荧光图谱显示掺杂后激发光谱处于紫外和近紫外光范围,发射光谱峰值处于红光处.利用第一性原理基于密度泛函理论的平面波赝势法计算了Sr2Si5N8与Sr2Si5N8∶Eu2+的能带结构与电子态密度,发现Eu2+的加入使得体系拥有了易于将能量以光子形式放出的直接带隙跃迁机制,并且使得整个体系带隙减小,结合实验结果,揭示了该体系材料的微观发光机理.     

The nonequilibrium phase transition and the symmetry revival induced by time delay in an asymmetric bistable system with correlated noises

The nonequilibrium phase transition and the symmetry revival induced by time delay in a bistable system are investigated. The stationary probability distribution function (SPDF) of the bistable system with time delay and correlated noises are calculated by an analytical method and stochastic simulation respectively. The analytical and simulative results indicate that: (1) There is a certain value of λ (λ denotes the strength of correlations between the multiplicative and additive noises) to make the SPDF symmetric under some time delay; however, above or below the given value, the symmetry will be broken; (2) With the monotonic change of λ , the unimodal peak structure of SPDF becomes bimodal at the beginning, then it becomes unimodal again; this means that there is a reentrance phenomenon in the process; (3) There is a critical value of delay time, which makes the lower peak of SPDF equal to the higher one under the critical condition. This means that the symmetry revival phenomenon emerges.     

柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展

柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池因质轻、价廉的优点,有望实现大规模卷对卷应用生产和制成可穿戴移动式电源的目标,因而在有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池研究领域占据着重要地位.目前该类电池的最高光电转换效率已超过16;.本文综述了近年以不同柔性基底材料制备的钙钛矿电池的研究进展,详细阐述了不同条件制备的电池各功能层及基底柔韧性对电池性能的影响,并探讨了未来柔性电池产业化面临的关键性问题,最后展望了柔性钙钛矿电池的发展趋势.     

高分散镁铝层状双氢氧化物的煅烧改性及其对甲基橙的吸附性能研究

以Mg(NO3)2·6H2O为镁源,Al(NO3)3·9H2O为铝源,采用水热法制备了高分散的镁铝层状双氢氧化物MgAl-LDH,并高温煅烧生成MgAl-LDO.利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子分析(XPS)、氮气吸附-脱附法对产物进行表征分析,并且探讨了其吸附机理.结果 表明,2种产物的吸附过程对比于Langmuir吸附模型基本一致,其中MgAl-LDO的比表面积更大,吸附性能更好,对甲基橙的最大吸附量可达925.9 mg·g-1.吸附机制包括化学作用、氢键、静电作用和表面络合作用.     

太阳能电池中石墨烯的应用进展

太阳能电池是一种取之不尽用之不竭的能源,而太阳能电池效率较低严重阻碍了其在商业领域中的发展.近几年来,石墨烯及其衍生物的合成和应用发展迅速,以优异的电学、力学、光学性能有望应用于提高太阳能电池效率并取代传统透明导电氧化物.本文综述了近年来在太阳能电池领域,石墨烯作为导电电极、载流子输送材料和稳定剂材料的应用进展.     

Equation of state for warm dense lithium: A first principles investigation

The quantum molecular dynamics based on the density functional theory has been adopted to simulate the equation of state for the shock compressed lithium. In contrary to some earlier experimental measurement and theoretical simulation,there is not any evidence of the ‘kink' in the Hugoniot curve in our accurate simulation. Throughout the shock compression process, only a simple solid-to-liquid melting behavior is demonstrated, instead of complicated solid–solid phase transitions. Moreover, the x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy has been predicted as a feasible way to diagnose the structural evolution of warm dense lithium in this density region.     

溶剂热合成球形Cu2ZnSnS4 （CZTS）微粉的研究

本文采用高压溶剂热法合成了铜锌锡硫(CZTS)粉体,采用XRD、SEM测试方法对合成产物的物相、形貌进行了表征。探讨了温度,时间以及表面活性剂等因素对溶剂热合成CZTS粉体形貌、物相和性能的影响。结果表明:高压溶剂热法制备的CZTS目标粉体纯度高,制备周期短,产物形貌为球形的片状集合体。反应进程随着反应温度的升高而加快,随着保温时间的延长而趋于完全。加入部分表面活性剂对团聚现象改善并不明显。     

轻质氧化镁的制备,表征与活性研究

选用不同可溶性镁盐(MgCl_2·6H_2O和MgSO_4·7H_2O)和沉淀剂(NH_3·H_2O、NaHCO_3、NH_4HCO_3和K_2CO_3)为原料,采用水热法制备氧化镁前驱体,之后经过600℃煅烧获得微纳米级活性氧化镁,通过改变物料比例制备系列氧化镁。产品采用FI-IR,XRD和SEM进行表征,并对活性进行检测。结果表明:氧化镁主要呈片状晶体,适当比例硫酸镁和氯化镁与氨水及碳酸氢钠可以制备出活性和产率都较高的微纳米级活性氧化镁,当MgCl_2·6H_2O和NaHCO_3摩尔比为1:1时,制得的氧化镁具有更好活性,对应柠檬酸法中酚酞变红时间为15sec。     

Ni掺杂黄铁矿型FeS2的溶剂热合成及其可见光催化活性

以FeSO₄·7H₂O、Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O和NiSO₄·6H₂O为原料,采用溶剂热法合成了Ni掺杂的黄铁矿FeS₂粉体,利用XRD、XPS、FE-SEM、UV-Vis、拉曼光谱等测试手段对所得产物进行了表征分析。结果表明,掺杂适量的Ni可促进白铁矿FeS₂向黄铁矿FeS₂的晶型转变。Ni掺杂有利于提高Ni_xFe_1-xS₂的可见光催化活性,当Ni的掺入量x为0.125时,样品的光催化性能最好。在可见光照射210min后,亚甲基蓝的降解率为62.8%,与未掺杂FeS₂相比,其降解率提高了26.2%。     

Ni掺杂黄铁矿型FeS2的溶剂热合成及其可见光催化活性

以FeSO₄·7H₂O、Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O和NiSO₄·6H₂O为原料,采用溶剂热法合成了Ni掺杂的黄铁矿FeS₂粉体,利用XRD、XPS、FE-SEM、UV-Vis、拉曼光谱等测试手段对所得产物进行了表征分析。结果表明,掺杂适量的Ni可促进白铁矿FeS₂向黄铁矿FeS₂的晶型转变。Ni掺杂有利于提高Ni_xFe_1-xS₂的可见光催化活性,当Ni的掺入量x为0.125时,样品的光催化性能最好。在可见光照射210 min后,亚甲基蓝的降解率为62.8%,与未掺杂FeS₂相比,其降解率提高了26.2%。