Investigation on the shockwave induced by surface arc plasma in quiescent air

The shockwave induced by surface direct-current （DC） arc discharge is investigated both experimentally and numer- ically. In the experiment, the shockwave generated by rapid gas heating is clearly observed from Schlieren images. The peak velocity of the shockwave is measured to be over 410 m/s; during its upright movement, it gradually falls to about 340 m/s; no remarkable difference is seen after changing the discharge voltage and the pulse frequency. In the modeling of the arc plasma, the arc domain is not simulated as a boundary condition with fixed temperature or pressure, but a source term with a time-varying input power density, which could better reflect the influence of the heating process. It is found that with a reference power density of 2.8× 1012 W/m2, the calculated peak velocity is higher than the measured one, but they quickly （in 30 Its） become agreed with each other. The peak velocity also rises while increasing the power density, the maximum velocity acquired in the simulation is over 468 m/s, which is expected to be effective for high speed flow control.     

Electrical and thermal characterization of near-surface electrical discharge plasma actuation driven by radio frequency voltage at low pressure

The electrical and thermal characterization of near-surface electrical discharge plasma driven by radio frequency voltage are investigated experimentally in this paper. The influences of operating pressure, electrode distance, and duty cycle on the discharge are studied. When pressure reaches 60 Torr(1 Torr = 1.33322 × 10~2 Pa) the transition from diffuse glow mode to constricted mode occurs. With the operating pressure varying from 10 Torr to 60 Torr, the discharge energy calculated from the charge–voltage(Q–V) Lissajous figure decreases rapidly, while it remains unchanged between 60 Torr and 460 Torr. Under certain experimental conditions, there exists an optimized electrode distance(8 mm). As the duty cycle of applied voltage increases, the voltage–current waveforms and Q–V Lissajous figures show no distinct changes.     

激波/边界层干扰对等离子体合成射流的响应特性

利用高速纹影系统和数值模拟方法研究了激波/边界层干扰对逆流喷射的等离子体合成射流的响应特性,并揭示了流动控制机理.实验在来流马赫数Ma=3.1的风洞中进行,测试模型采用钝头体和压缩斜坡的组合模型,等离子体合成射流激励器安装在钝头体头部.纹影系统捕捉了放电频率为f=1 kHz和f=3 kHz的激励对附体激波形态和分离激波运动的控制效果.等离子体合成射流使压缩斜坡激波/边界层干扰区域的起始点向下游移动,分离泡尺寸减小,附体激波强度减弱,发生弯曲,再附点移向上游,与此同时分离激波向附体激波逼近.与f=3 kHz激励相比,f=1 kHz激励的射流流量更大,对激波/边界层干扰的影响范围更广、控制效果更好.通过数值模拟,揭示了射流与来流相互作用对下游流场的作用机理:射流与来流相互作用诱导出大尺度旋涡,大尺度旋涡耗散发展增强了近壁面流场的湍流度;压缩斜坡上游近壁面的流场性质发生变化,进而导致了压缩斜坡激波/边界层干扰区域流动的变化.     

Electric and plasma characteristics of RF discharge plasma actuation under varying pressures

The electric and plasma characteristics of RF discharge plasma actuation under varying pressure have been investigated experimentally. As the pressure increases, the shapes of charge–voltage Lissajous curves vary, and the discharge energy increases. The emission spectra show significant difference as the pressure varies. When the pressure is 1000 Pa,the electron temperature is estimated to be 4.139 e V, the electron density and the vibrational temperature of plasma are peak4.71×10~(11)cm~(-3) and 1.27 e V, respectively. The ratio of spectral lines I391.4/peak I380.5which describes the electron temperature hardly changes when the pressure varies between 5000–30000 Pa, while it increases remarkably with the pressure below 5000 Pa, indicating a transition from filamentary discharge to glow discharge. The characteristics of emission spectrum are obviously influenced by the loading power. With more loading power, both of the illumination and emission spectrum intensity increase at 10000 Pa. The pin–pin electrode RF discharge is arc-like at power higher than 33 W, which results in a macroscopic air temperature increase.     

Electrical and optical characteristics of the radio frequency surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuation

Electrical characteristics and optical emission spectrum of the radio frequency(RF) surface dielectric barrier discharge(SDBD) plasma actuation are investigated experimentally in this paper. Influences of operating pressure, duty cycle and load power on the discharge are analyzed. When the operating pressure reaches 30 kPa, the discharge energy calculated from the Charge–Voltage(Q–V) Lissajous figure increases significantly, while the effective capacitance decreases remarkably. As the duty cycle of the applied voltage increases, the voltage–current waveforms, the area of Q–V loop and the capacity show no distinct changes. Below 40 W, effective capacitance increases with the increase of load power, but it almost remains unchanged when load power is between 40 W and 95 W. The relative intensity I_(391.4)~peak/I_(380.5)~peak changes little as the operating pressure varies from 4 kPa to 100 kPa, while it rises evidently with the pressure below 4 kPa, which indicates that the RF discharge mode shifts from filamentary discharge to glow discharge at around 4 kPa. With the increase of load power, the relative intensity I_(391.4)~peak/I_(380.5)~peak rises evidently. Additionally, the relative intensity I_(371.1)~peak/I_(380.5)~peak is insensitive to the pressure,the duty cycle, and the load power.     

基于空间自回归神经网络模型的空间插值研究

基于空间距离计算的空间自相关权重系数是经典空间插值方法的核心，然而由于空间距离与自相关权重之间复杂的非线性关系，反距离权重（IDW）法和克里金（Kriging）法等传统空间插值方法，在求解权重精准解时存在一定的局限性。由此，利用神经网络超强的非线性拟合能力，通过融合神经网络与空间自回归方法，建立了空间自回归神经网络（SARNN）模型，实现了空间自相关权重的精准计算并将其应用于空间插值研究。为验证SARNN模型的有效性和可行性，采用两类模拟数据及海洋环境数据进行交叉验证，并与IDW法和Kriging法进行精度对比。实验结果表明，SARNN法显著提升了R²、RMSE、MAE、MAPE等统计指标，插值结果明显优于IDW法和Kriging法；同时，SARNN法在空间插值中对突变数据和极值数据的预测较为准确，改善了传统插值方法空间平滑过渡差，易出现“牛眼”、锯齿现象等问题，显著提高了空间插值结果的准确性与合理性。SARNN法提供了一种空间插值的新思路，具有较为广泛的应用价值。     

Experimental investigation on electrical characteristics and ignition performance of multichannel plasma igniter

Relighting of jet engines at high altitudes is very difficult because of the high velocity, low pressure, and low temperature of the inlet airflow. Successful ignition needs sufficient ignition energy to generate a spark kernel to induce a so-called critical flame initiation radius. However, at high altitudes with high-speed inlet airflow, the critical flame initiation radius becomes larger; therefore, traditional ignition technologies such as a semiconductor igniter(SI) become infeasible for use in high-altitude relighting of jet engines. In this study, to generate a large spark kernel to achieve successful ignition with high-speed inlet airflow, a new type of multichannel plasma igniter(MCPI) is proposed. Experiments on the electrical characteristics of the MCPI and SI were conducted under normal and sub-atmospheric pressures(P = 10–100 kPa). Ignition experiments for the MCPI and SI with a kerosene/air mixture in a triple-swirler combustor under different velocities of inlet airflow(60–110 m/s), with a temperature of 473 K at standard atmospheric pressure, were investigated. Results show that the MCPI generates much more arc discharge energy than the SI under a constant pressure; for example, the MCPI generated 6.93% and 16.05% more arc discharge energy than that of the SI at 30 kPa and 50 kPa, respectively. Compared to the SI, the MCPI generates a larger area and height of plasma heating zone, and induces a much larger initial spark kernel.Furthermore, the lean ignition limit of the MCPI and SI decreases with an increase in the velocity of the inlet airflow, and the maximum velocity of inlet airflow where the SI and MCPI can achieve successful and reliable ignition is 88.7 m/s and 102.2 m/s, respectively. Therefore, the MCPI has the advantage of achieving successful ignition with high-speed inlet airflow and extends the average ignition speed boundary of the kerosene/air mixture by 15.2%.     

三光路共轴望远系统的研制

在基本的开普勒望远系统光路中,放置了两块与光轴成45°角的镀膜平板玻璃,一块能反射中心波长1 550 nm的红外光,同时透射可见区和中心波长1 310 nm的近红外区;另一块能反射中心波长1 310 nm的红外光,透射可见区。增加了控制光光路和信号光光路,节省了光路元件。分析了平板玻璃对可见光路的影响,通过改变平板玻璃的厚度,使得轴上偏差在允许的范围内。测定了信号光通过望远镜筒和镀膜反射镜片的功率损耗,分别得到了1.31%和2.90%的损耗比。测量了信号光的透射率随角度的变化关系。经过多次试验,三光路共轴望远系统已成功用于远距离红外光控音频监测。     

Thermal and induced flow characteristics of radio frequency surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuation at atmospheric pressure

Thermal and induced flow velocity characteristics of radio frequency(RF) surface dielectric barrier discharge(SDBD)plasma actuation are experimentally investigated in this paper. The spatial and temporal distributions of the dielectric surface temperature are measured with the infrared thermography at atmospheric pressure. In the spanwise direction, the highest dielectric surface temperature is acquired at the center of the high voltage electrode, while it reduces gradually along the chordwise direction. The maximum temperature of the dielectric surface raises rapidly once discharge begins.After several seconds(typically 100 s), the temperature reaches equilibrium among the actuator's surface, plasma, and surrounding air. The maximum dielectric surface temperature is higher than that powered by an AC power supply in dozens of k Hz. Influences of the duty cycle and the input frequency on the thermal characteristics are analyzed. When the duty cycle increases, the maximum dielectric surface temperature increases linearly. However, the maximum dielectric surface temperature increases nonlinearly when the input frequency varies from 0.47 MHz to 1.61 MHz. The induced flow velocity of the RF SDBD actuator is 0.25 m/s.