分子印迹纳米胶体阵列检测爆炸物的研究

以三硝基甲苯(TNT)为模板,丙烯酰胺为功能单体,采用乳液聚合法制备具有单分散性的TNT分子印迹胶体小球.通过垂直沉降法自组装,并用胶带将得到的具有蛋白石结构的分子印迹胶体阵列(MICA)固化.研究其在不同比例的甲醇/水溶液中的光学响应,并在最优检测环境下进行特异性吸附实验.实验表明,当甲醇/水的体积比为7∶3,TNT浓度为20 mmol/L时,反射峰红移近24 nm,为非印迹胶体阵列红移量的1.4倍,为TNT结构类似物的23倍.MICA在实现对光子晶体传感器制备简化的同时,提供了对TNT进行快速裸眼检测的可能性.     

载体焙烧温度对Rh-Mn-Li/SBA-15催化CO加氢性能的影响

SBA-15分别于550、700、800和900℃进行焙烧,然后以等体积共浸渍法将Rh、Mn和Li负载其上。催化剂的性能用CO加氢反应进行评价。催化剂分别用N₂物理吸附、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、H₂化学吸附和傅里叶变换红外光谱进行表征。即使在900℃下进行焙烧,SBA-15的结构仍得到保持。但是,当焙烧温度从550℃升高到900℃,SBA-15的比表面积、孔径和总孔容分别从842.6 m²·g^-1、9.57 nm和1.18 cm³·g^-1降到246.4 m²·g^-1、5.62 nm和0.34 cm³·g^-1。此外,Rh颗粒的尺寸都在1.5-4.0 nm范围内,并且随着载体的焙烧温度增加而增加。另外,Rh颗粒更倾向位于高温焙烧载体的介孔内,这可能是因为经过高温焙烧,载体微孔下降。所以,H₂和CO更易与负载在高温焙烧后的载体上的Rh颗粒接触。因此,当载体焙烧温度达到900℃时,Rh-Mn-Li/SBA-15催化剂有非常高的C₂₊含氧化合物的活性和选择性。     

CO加氢制C2含氧化合物Rh基催化剂中常见助剂的作用

由煤、天然气或生物质出发,经合成气制乙醇等C2含氧化合物具有重要意义,负载型Rh基催化剂是实现该过程最有效的催化剂。助剂的选择尤其重要,其中Fe、Mn、Li的助催化作用最为显著,人们对此进行了长期而有效的研究,有关观点也很难统一,但相关总结性的报道不多。因此,本文系统综述了这三种常见助剂催化作用的研究进展。结果表明,这些助剂的作用与其所处的催化体系、制备方法等密切相关,后者直接影响了助剂-金属-载体间相互作用,使得催化剂各种组分表现出不同存在状态,进而影响它们在CO加氢各基元步骤中的催化作用。本文可为人们全面认识这些常用助剂的作用提供有益的参考。     

基于混合光纤放大器的波分复用光纤传输系统研究

在研究了入纤功率、光器件的插入损耗以及非归零码中1码出现的概率对系统误码率影响的基础上,提出了一种基于混合光纤放大器的波分复用(WDM)光纤传输系统设计方案,并对该系统的噪声特性进行了详细地研究。提出了一种抑制前向噪声的有效方法,实现了20路WDM信号320km无误码传输。试验结果对基于混合光纤放大器的波分复用光纤传输系统的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

制备三量子位和四量子位核磁共振等效纯态

基于时间平均法,给出了在同核系统中制备三量子位和四量子位核磁共振等效纯态的方案.利用Λn(not)门,本文的方案大大减少了制备等效纯态所需的操作次数在三同核系统中制备三量子位核磁共振等效纯态只需三次操作,在四同核系统中制备四量子位核磁共振等效纯态只需五次操作.然后在一个链状耦合的同核系统中实验制备三量子位核磁共振等效纯态,验证了本文的方案;并且给出了四量子位方案的模拟结果谱图.     

Effects of pulse energy ratios on plasma characteristics of dual-pulse fiber-optic laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser-induced plasmas of dual-pulse fiber-optic laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with different pulse energy ratios are studied by using the optical emission spectroscopy(OES)and fast imaging.The energy of the two laser pulses is independently adjusted within 0–30 m J with the total energy fixed at 30 m J.The inter-pulse delay remains 450 ns constantly.As the energy share of the first pulse increases,a similar bimodal variation trend of line intensities is observed.The two peaks are obtained at the point where the first pulse is half or twice of the second one,and the maximum spectral enhancement is at the first peak.The bimodal variation trend is induced by the change in the dominated mechanism of dual-pulse excitation with the trough between the two peaks caused by the weak coupling between the two mechanisms.By increasing the first pulse energy,there is a transition from the ablation enhancement dominance near the first peak to the plasma reheating dominance near the second peak.The calculations of plasma temperature and electron number density are consistent with the bimodal trend,which have the values of 17024.47 K,2.75×10¹⁷cm;and 12215.93 K,1.17×10¹⁷cm;at a time delay of 550 ns.In addition,the difference between the two peaks decreases with time delay.With the increase in the first pulse energy share,the plasma morphology undergoes a transformation from hemispherical to shiny-dot and to oblate-cylinder structure during the second laser irradiation from the recorded images by using an intensified charge-coupled device(ICCD)camera.Correspondingly,the peak expansion distance of the plasma front first decreases significantly from 1.99 mm in the single-pulse case to 1.34 mm at 12/18(dominated by ablation enhancement)and then increases slightly with increasing the plasma reheating effect.The variations in plasma dynamics verify that the change of pulse energy ratios leads to a transformation in the dual-pulse excitation mechanism.     

氢退火的BZO前电极对非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池性能的影响

采用低压化学气相沉积方法在玻璃衬底上制备了B掺杂的ZnO（BZO）薄膜,通过氢退火对BZO进行处理,然后作为前电极进行了非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池的制备及性能研究。结果表明：在氢气气氛下退火后,BZO薄膜的载流子浓度基本无变化,但Hall迁移率显著提高,这使得BZO薄膜的导电能力提高;当采用厚度较小、透光率较高的BZO薄膜进行氢退火后作为前电极结构时,非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池的短路电流密度提高0.3~0.4 mA/cm²,电池的转化效率提高0.2%。实验结果可为通过优化前电极结构来提高非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池转化效率提供一种简易的方法。     

Tensile properties and microstructure of 2024 aluminum alloy subjected to the high magnetic field and external stress

In order to explore the dependence of plasticity of metallic material on a high magnetic held,the effects of the different magnetic induction intensities(H = 0 T,0.5 T,1 T,3 T,and 5 T) and pulses number(N = 0,10,20,30,40,and 50) on tensile strength(σ_b) and elongation(δ) of 2024 aluminum alloy are investigated in the synchronous presences of a high magnetic held and external stress.The results show that the magnetic held exerts apparent and positive effects on the tensile properties of the alloy.Especially under the optimized condition of H~*=1 T and N~*=30,the σ_b and 8 are 410 MPa and 17% that are enhanced by 9.3% and 30.8% respectively in comparison to those of the untreated sample.The synchronous increases of tensile properties are attributed to the magneto-plasticity effect on a quantum scale.That is,the magnetic held will accelerate the state conversion of radical pair generated between the dislocation and obstacles from singlet to the triplet state.The bonding energy between them is meanwhile lowered and the moving flexibility of dislocations will be enhanced.At H~* = 1 T and N~* = 30,the dislocation density is enhanced by 1.28 times.The relevant minimum grain size is 266.1 nm,which is reduced by 35.2%.The grain rehning is attributed to the dislocation accumulation and subsequent dynamic recrystallization.The(211) and(220) peak intensities are weakened.It is deduced that together with the recrystallization,the hne grains will transfer towards the slip plane and contribute to the slipping deformation.     

Dynamic Cantilever Magnetometry of Paramagnetism with Slow Relaxation

Dynamic cantilever magnetometry is a sensitive method that has been widely used in studying magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic materials and Fermi surface in quantum materials. We study a cobalt-iridium metal-metalloligand coordination polymer using dynamic cantilever magnetometry. The experimental data of dynamic cantilever magnetometry are well explained using the proposed model for Langevin paramagnetism with slow relaxation. Based on the proposed model, we calculate the magnetization and m...     

方便快捷的叔丁醇钾催化的C-N交叉偶联反应

构建C-N键,在有机合成中占有非常重要的地位.本文介绍了一种简单、方便的合成芳香胺的方法.在100℃和二甲亚砜溶剂体系中,卤代芳烃分别和伯、仲两类胺在叔丁醇钾催化下经过1h反应,以45%～90%的收率,生成一系列芳香胺.方法进一步拓宽了叔丁醇钾催化的C-N交叉偶联反应的底物,并显示出独特的底物选择性,即对富电子卤代芳烃有很好的活性.据推测,本偶联反应是通过先形成苯炔中间体,再与胺发生交叉偶联的历程进行的.