高分辨椭圆弯晶谱仪在激光等离子体实验中的应用

 描述了用于激光等离子体X射线光谱研究的椭圆弯曲晶体谱仪系统。在“神光Ⅱ”第九路激光上对该谱仪进行标定实验，利用CCD相机成功地获得了激光等离子体铝和钛离子的K壳层和金离子M壳层谱；通过研究和辨认谱线，得到了X射线光谱，同时还给出了实验测定的谱仪分辨率。椭圆弯曲晶体谱仪除有高的收集光子效率外，还有更好的谱分辨和空间分辨率。分析了椭圆弯曲晶体谱仪在前沿科学技术和高技术实验中的应用。     

激光功率密度对Al膜靶后表面快电子发射的影响

 报道了在20 TW皮秒激光器上完成的p偏振激光与等离子体相互作用过程中产生的快电子的角分布和能谱测量结果。实验得到：当激光功率密度小于10¹⁷ W/cm²时,电子发射没有明显定向性,在激光入射面内多峰发射;当激光功率密度大于10¹⁷ W/cm2,小于10¹⁸ W/cm²时,电子主要沿靶面法线方向发射;当激光功率密度达到相对论强度时,电子主要沿激光传播方向发射;激光功率密度未达到相对论强度时,靶后表面法线方向快电子能谱拟合平均温度符合共振吸收温度定标率;激光功率密度达相对论强度以上时,靶后表面法线方向快电子能谱拟合平均温度高于已有的温度定标率。     

Single-channel vector magnetic information detection method based on diamond NV color center

A method of detecting the single channel triaxial magnetic field information based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center is introduced. Firstly, the incident angle of the bias magnetic field which can achieve the equal frequency difference optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectrum of diamond NV color center is calculated theoretically, and the triaxial magnetic information solution model is also constructed. Secondly, the microwave time-controlled circuit module is designed to generate equal timing and equal frequency difference microwave pulse signals in one channel. Combining with the optical detection magnetic resonance technology, the purpose of sequentially locking and detecting the four formant signals on one side of the diamond NV color center (m_s=-1 state signal) is achieved, and the vector magnetic field information detection is accomplished by combining the triaxial magnetic information solution model. The system can obtain magnetic field detection in a range of 0 mT-0.82 mT. The system's magnetic noise sensitivity is 14.2 nT/Hz^1/2, and the deviation angle errors of magnetic field detection θ_x and θ_y are 1.3^o and 8.2^o respectively.     

Broadband time-resolved elliptical crystal spectrometer for X-ray spectroscopic measurements in laser-produced plasmas

The X-ray spectrometer used in high-energy-density plasma experiments generally requires both broad X-ray energy coverage and high temporal, spatial, and spectral resolutions for overcoming the difficulties imposed by the X-ray background, debris, and mechanical shocks. By using an elliptical crystal together with a streak camera, we resolve this issue at the SG-II laser facility. The carefully designed elliptical crystal has a broad spectral coverage with high resolution, strong rejection of the diffuse and/or fluorescent background radiation, and negligible source broadening for extended sources.The spectra that are Bragg reflected(23?< θ < 38?) from the crystal are focused onto a streak camera slit 18 mm long and about 80 μm wide, to obtain a time-resolved spectrum. With experimental measurements, we demonstrate that the quartz(1011) elliptical analyzer at the SG-II laser facility has a single-shot spectral range of(4.64–6.45) keV, a typical spectral resolution of E/?E = 560, and an enhanced focusing power in the spectral dimension. For titanium(Ti) data, the lines of interest show a distribution as a function of time and the temporal variations of the He-α and Li-like Ti satellite lines and their spatial profiles show intensity peak red shifts. The spectrometer sensitivity is illustrated with a temporal resolution of better than 25 ps, which satisfies the near-term requirements of high-energy-density physics experiments.     

神光Ⅱ装置直接驱动柱形靶压缩

在神光Ⅱ激光装置上,针对外径260 m的柱形靶,采用大焦斑拼接的办法（焦斑直径约200 m）,开展了八路激光直接驱动压缩实验。利用第九路激光驱动钼X射线背光,使用Kirkpatrick-Baez显微镜成像以及条纹相机记录的方法,获得了柱形靶内爆流线图,据此给出的压缩后密度约为初始密度的120倍。该密度处于快点火电子产生区和能量沉积区密度之间,正是电子束需要传输的密度区域。神光Ⅱ皮秒激光运行后,可以利用这种压缩的柱形靶开展电子束在稠密等离子体中传输的实验研究。     

Optimization of 4.7-keV X-ray titanium sources driven by 100-ps laser pulses

An experiment with thin titanium foils irradiated by two pulses delayed in time is conducted on the Shenguang-II laser facility.A prepulse induces an underdense plasma,2-ns later a main pulse(λ L = 0.35 μm,E L ≈ 120 J,τ L ≈ 100 ps) is injected into the underdense plasma and produces strong line emission from the titanium K shell(i.e.,He α at 4.7 keV).Data show that the intensity of 4.7-keV X-ray emission with the prepulse is approximately twice more than without the prepulse,and can be used as a backlighting source satisfying the diagnostic requirements for dense plasma probing.Highquality plasma images are obtained with the backlighting 4.7-keV X-rays in a Rayleigh-Taylor hydrodynamic instability experiment.     

Laser-produced plasma helium-like titanium Kα x-ray source and its application to Rayleigh-Taylor instability study

Several experiments are performed on the ShenGuang-II laser facility to investigate an x-ray source and test radiography concepts.X-ray lines emitted from laser-produced plasmas are the most practical means of generating these high intensity sources.By using a time-integrated space-resolved keV spectroscope and pinhole camera,potential helium-like titanium Kα x-ray backlighting (radiography) line source is studied as a function of laser wavelength,ratio of pre-pulse intensity to main pulse intensity,and laser intensity (from 7.25 to～11.3×10 15 W/cm 2).One-dimensional radiography using a grid consisting of 5 μm Au wires on 16 μm period and the pinhole-assisted point projection is tested.The measurements show that the size of the helium-like titanium Kα source from a simple foil target is larger than 100 μm,and relative x-ray line emission conversion efficiency ξ x from the incident laser light energy to heliumlike titanium K-shell spectrum increases significantly with pre-pulse intensity increasing,increases rapidly with laser wavelength decreasing,and increases moderately with main laser intensity increasing.It is also found that a gold gird foils can reach an imaging resolution better than 5-μm featured with high contrast.It is further demonstrated that the pinhole-assisted point projection at such a level will be a novel two-dimensional imaging diagnostic technique for inertial confinement fusion experiments.     

低混杂波电流驱动下注入杂质的输运

在欧姆放电和低混杂波电流驱动条件下,应用激光吹气技术注入金属杂质,用真空紫外谱仪测量了杂质线的辐射,给出了ＨＬ－１Ｍ 装置欧姆等离子体和低混杂波电流驱动等离子体杂质输运的研究结果。用杂质输运程序ＬＢＯ进行数值模拟,得出了等离子体中杂质的扩散系数Ｄ（ｒ） 和对流速度ｖ（ｒ）。在低混杂波电流驱动条件下,等离子体杂质的输运系数相对欧姆放电等离子体杂质的输运系数减小了５０％ 左右。结果表明,在ＨＬ－１Ｍ 装置上低混杂波电流驱动等离子体相对通常欧姆等离子体杂质的约束性能明显得到了改善     

斜辐照激光等离子体辐射X光子特性

 在神光Ⅱ高功率激光装置上,实验研究了激光斜辐照形成的激光等离子体辐射X射线光子的特性及真空喷射热等离子体流的方向。采用针孔X射线相机测量了钕玻璃激光（基频1.053 μm）辐照铝靶形成的激光铝等离子体辐射的X射线光子的空间分布,并针对正入射和入射激光斜辐照情况下测得的X射线光子量及特性进行了分析和比较。结果发现：入射激光斜辐照固体平面靶产生的向真空喷射热等离子体流的方向是垂直靶面（即法线方向）;正入射和斜入射激光叠加驱动靶时,一定程度上能改善激光辐照的均匀性,但等离子体源辐射的X射线光子数并未发现显著地增加;当激光斜辐照与靶相互作用时,激光能量被等离子体吸收下降。     

激光冲击波压缩稠密铝辐射不透明度实验研究

基于稠密物质辐射不透明度的理论计算目前有相当大的难度, 而稠密物质高精度不透明度数据又对聚变研究中的理论设计和模拟以及状态诊断等方面非常有用. 在"神光II"激光装置上建立一发次中能同时测量背光谱、 样品自发谱和吸收谱的大谱窗高分辨椭圆弯晶测谱系统, 并利用一维辐射流体力学程序MULTI仿真冲击波碰撞压缩样品的过程.在测量中, 用点投影背光法、激光烧蚀冲击波碰撞压缩产生稠密铝(Al)样品, 激光镱等离子体3d–4f 跃迁辐射为短脉冲背光提供样品吸收谱时空分辨诊断, 在一发次打靶中得到了背光谱、样品自发谱和X射线吸收精细结构谱, 以及稠密Al辐射吸收谱向长波偏移.实验结果给出了诊断能谱区稠密Al相对透射率分布和吸收谱偏移量. 这些工作都有益于丰富不透明度这一基础研究领域和进一步开拓许多重要应用. 关键词： 冲击波压缩等离子体 X射线吸收谱 线移 精细结构