泊松比对拉伸法测材料杨氏模量的影响

用拉伸法测杨氏模量较小的圆形材料杨氏模量实验时,伴随材料的拉长,其直径将明显减小.此时,实验必须考虑材料直径的变化.以拉伸法测圆形硅胶的杨氏模量为例,将材料直径的变化通过泊松比转为材料伸长量,实验结果表明引入泊松比所测杨氏模量精确度提高,不确定度减小.     

小问题

365．一条长为2m的黄铜管，外径D=150mm，壁厚δ=5mm，两端封闭，用直径d=2．5mm的钢丝在力F=400N作用下将管紧密地缠绕一层，然后受内压q=8MPa的作用，如图1所示，试求在内压作用前后管的应力(已知钢的弹性模量Es=200GPa，泊波松比μs=0．25，黄铜的弹性模量Ec=100GPa，泊松比μc=0．34)．     

塑料泊松比标准与试验技术探讨

分析比较了ISO 527:2012和ASTM D638-10中关于塑料泊松比试验方法的异同,重点讨论了两个标准在测试技术上的不同要求,探讨了试验机性能对试验结果的影响,并提出了对试验机测控系统设计的技术要求。     

国产聚碳酸脂材料的拉伸力学行为

本文通过实验研究了国产聚碳酸脂材料的拉伸力学行为,得到了这种材料在不同应变速率下的真实应力—应变曲线。实验结果表明:聚碳酸脂为应变率敏感材料,在达到峰值应力之前,泊松比接近0.5,出现颈缩之后,其泊松比远超过极限值0.5,作为光塑性模型材料,应将应变控制在5.8%以内。     

基于AVR单片机的万能材料试验机控制系统

采用AVR单片机AT90S8515作为控制核心,通过步进电机带动丝杠运动,利用光栅编码器、高精度力传感器、2个引伸计分别测量了位移、力及试件横、纵变形,在老式电子万能材料实验机上建立了新型计算机控制系统,可方便测定弹性模量和泊松比.     

Young＇s modulus surface and Poisson＇s ratio curve for tetragonal crystals

This paper gives the general expressions for the compliance s′ijkl, Young＇s modulus E（hkl） and Poisson＇s ratio v（hkl, θ） along arbitrary loading direction [hkl] for tetragonal crystals. The representation surface for which the length of the radius vector in the [hkl] direction equals E（hkl） and representation curve for which the length of the radius vector with angle θ deviated from the reference directions [001^-], [100], [001^-], [101^-] and [112^-] equals v（100, θ）, v（001, θ）, v（110,θ）, v（101,θ） and v（111, θ） respectively, are constructed for nine tetragonal crystals （ammonium dihydrogen arsenate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, barium titanate, indium, nickel sulfate, potassium dihydrogen arsenate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, tin and zircon）. The characteristics of them are analysed in detail.     

二维铁电材料ABP2X6内在极高的负泊松比

Recently, ferroelectric materials have attracted considerable research attention. In particular, two dimensional (2D) ferroelectric materials have been considered as most crucial for next-generation circuit designs because of their application as novel electric memory devices. However, a 2D ferroelectric material is very rare. The ferroelectric materials with the form ABP₂X₆ (A = Ag, Cu; B = Bi, In; X = S, Se) are of interest because of their ferroelectric property maintained in their ultrathin structures. Within the ABP₂X₆ monolayer, the P―P bonds form the pillars that hold the top and bottom X planes, while the off-center A―B atoms between the X layers induce a spontaneous ferroelectric polarization. If the two off-center A―B sites are equally aligned, this would lead to the appearance of the paraelectric state. Such intriguing structures must impart novel mechanical properties to the materials. Until now, there has been no report on the mechanical properties of monolayer ABP₂X₆. Based on first-principles calculations, we studied the structural, electronic, mechanical as well as the electromechanical coupling properties of monolayer ABP₂X₆ (A = Ag, Cu; B = Bi, In; X = S, Se). We found that they are all semiconductors with wide bandgaps of 2.73, 2.17, 3.00, and 2.31 eV for CuInP₂Se₆, CuBiP₂Se₆, AgBiP₂S₆, and AgBiP₂Se₆, respectively, which are calculated based on the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) exchange correlation functional model. The conduction band minimum is mainly from p orbitals of X and B atoms, whereas the valence band maximum is due to the hybridization of the p orbital of X atoms and the d orbital of A atoms. Moreover, there are three short and three long A/B―X bonds due to the A―B off-center displacement. Together with the d-p orbital hybridization, the main reason for the distorted ferroelectric structure in ABP₂X₆ monolayers is the Jahn-Teller effect. ABP₂X₆ monolayers are predicted to be a new class of auxetic materials with an out-of-plane negative Poisson's ratio, i.e., the values of the negative Poisson's ratio are in the order AgBiP₂S₆ (−0.805) < AgBiP₂Se₆ (−0.778) < CuBiP₂Se₆ (−0.670) < CuInP₂S₆ (−0.060). This is mainly due to the tensile strain applied in the x/y direction enlarging the angle between P―P bonds and top layer X atoms, thereby enhancing the bucking height of monolayer ABP₂X₆. Moreover, external strain has a significant impact on the A―B off-center displacement, rendering an out-of-plane piezoelectric polarization. The values of e₁₃ for CuInP₂S₆, CuBiP₂Se₆, AgBiP₂S₆, AgBiP₂Se₆ monolayers are calculated to be −3.95 × 10⁻¹², −5.68 × 10⁻¹², −3.94 × 10⁻¹², −2.71 × 10⁻¹² C∙m⁻¹, respectively, which are comparable to the only experimentally confirmed 2D out-of-plane piezoelectric Janus system (piezoelectric coefficient = −3.8 × 10⁻¹² C∙m⁻¹). This unusual auxetic behavior, ferroelectric polarization, and the electromechanical coupling in monolayer ABP₂X₆ could potentially lead to enormous technologically important applications in nanoelectronics, nanomechanics, and piezoelectrics.     

星型负泊松比多孔材料力学性能及应用研究

论文推导了星型负泊松比多孔材料的泊松比$弹性模量及相对密度的解析表达式"并通过有限元分 析验证了解析表达式的准确性:星型负泊松比多孔材料具有优异的吸能与隔振性能"论文设计了一种船用星型多 孔材料隔振基座:建立了不同层数$壁厚$泊松比的星型多孔材料隔振基座对应的数值有限元模型"探究了星型多 孔材料薄壁结构泊松比$层数以及壁厚对多孔材料隔振基座强度与减振性能的影响:研究表明"减少多孔材料薄壁 结构的层数和壁厚"选用胞元泊松比?%:$的星型多孔材料"可以获得低频隔振效果好$强度高的多孔材料隔振 基。     

聚多联苯2,6-二甲酰对苯二胺的力学性能模拟

设计了一类线型聚多联苯2,6-二甲酰对苯二胺聚合物, 并对聚合物分子模型进行了计算机模拟, 通过分子力学和力学性质模块的计算得到了聚多联苯2,6-二甲酰对苯二胺的一些力学参数. 模拟结果表明, 聚多联苯2,6-二甲酰对苯二胺类型芳酰胺聚合物通过自组装可以呈现类倒插蜂窝结构排列, 除聚二联苯2,6-二甲酰对苯二胺和聚三联苯2,6-二甲酰对苯二胺以外, 该系列聚合物在xy平面内均具有负泊松比.     

铜纳米薄片双轴应变弹性响应的第一性原理研究

近年来,在纳米尺度的研究中应用到很多表面的技术和概念.然而,以往针对表面的研究中对象为单晶块体样品,这些研究结果将不再适用纳米材料.为了研究表面对纳米体系弹性响应的影响,选取较为简单的铜纳米薄片为研究对象,构建了铜（111）面和（001）面的薄片模型,使用第一性原理方法计算了铜纳米薄片的双轴泊松比,分析了纳米薄片与体材料的差异,研究不同厚度纳米薄片中表面对内层原子的影响.计算结果显示,表面原子层的双轴泊松比大于内部原子层,并且其收敛速度和数值大小均和薄片取向有关.根据双轴泊松比随厚度的变化特性,可以得到不同取向的纳米薄片中表面对弹性响应的临界厚度.