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煤焦油的改质研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以煤焦油为原料,通过在300℃空气氧化120min-480min和在430℃氮气热缩聚50min-270min,制备了一系列具有相近软化点的煤焦油沥青。原料煤焦油和改质沥青的化学结构通过了NMR、FT-IR、元素分析、软化点、族组成和偏光光学进行分析。在1.6MPa、480℃下将改质煤焦油沥青进行焦化,考察了焦收率和光学组织结构变化。结果表明空气氧化和氮气热缩聚可提高煤焦油沥青软化点、甲苯不溶物含量和焦收率,与氮气热缩聚沥青相比,相近软化点的空气氧化沥青具有较高的焦收率和O/C原子比。空气氧化煤焦油沥青成焦后各向异性光学结构单元尺寸随空气氧化时间增加而逐渐减小,而氮气热缩聚沥青成焦后均生成各向异性广域光学结构。 相似文献
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活性炭纤维的脱硫性能 总被引:29,自引:2,他引:29
活性炭纤维作为一种新型高效吸附剂,在环保领域尤其是在烟气脱硫方面显示了广阔的应用前景。本文在作者所做工作和分析别人实验结果的基础上,综述了包括前驱体材料、制备条件以及活性炭纤维表面物理化学性能等影响活性炭纤维脱除烟气中SO2的主要因素,阐述了活性炭纤维脱硫的反应机理。认为含有较多量氮元素的前驱体材料具有较高的脱硫性能,类似的结果也出现在用不同方法制备的活性炭纤维中;众多的研究结果表明,活性炭纤维表面化学性能的影响尤其是表面物理性能的影响,其中表面含氧官能团对活性炭纤维脱除SO2不利,但用热处理方法脱除掉以CO形式释出的含氧官能团后可显著增强活性炭纤维的脱硫活性;此外,含氮官能团引入到活性炭纤维表面后也可显著增强活性炭纤维的脱硫活性。 相似文献
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Thermo-chemical reactions and structural evolution of acrylamide-modified polyacrylonitrile 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
<正>Thermal properties of acrylonitrile(AN)-acrylamide(AM) copolymers for carbon fibers were studied by DSC and in situ FTIR techniques in nitrogen(N_2) and air flows.The cyclization mechanism and stabilization behavior of polyacrylonitrile(PAN) were discussed.In N_2 flow,it was found that AM had the ability to initiate and accelerate cyclization process,which was confirmed by the fact that the initiation of nitriles shifted to a lower temperature.Compared to AN homopolymer,the initiation temperature of cyclization was ahead 32 K by introducing 3.59 mol%AM into the copolymer.The exothermic reaction was relaxed due to the presence of two separated exothermic peaks.Accompanied by DSC,in situ FTIR and calculation of activation energy,the two peaks were proved to be caused by ionic cyclization and free radical cyclization,respectively,and the corresponding cyclization mechanism was proposed.With increasing in AM content,the ionic cyclization tends to be dominant and the total heat liberated first increases and then decreases.For AN homopolymer,the activation energy of cyclization is 179 kJ/mol.For AN-AM copolymer(containing 3.59 mol%AM),the activation energy of ionic cyclization is 96 kJ/mol and that of free radical cyclization is 338 kJ/mol.In air flow,similar cyclization routes occur and the difference is the contribution of oxidation.The oxygen in environment has no remarkable effect on cyclization of AN homopolymer but retards the cyclization of AN-AM copolymers.For AN-AM copolymer with 3.59 mol%AM,the cyclization temperature is postponed 10℃in air. 相似文献
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掺磷酚醛树脂炭嵌锂性能研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以添加不同含量五氧化二磷的热塑性酚醛树脂为前驱体 ,经热固化后升温至 70 0℃裂解制备掺磷树脂裂解炭 .X射线衍射考察了裂解炭的微晶结构变化 ;恒电流技术研究了裂解炭的充放电性能 .实验表明 ,五氧化二磷的加入使树脂裂解炭微晶结构发生了很大改变 ,随着磷含量的增加微晶层间距减小 ,而且更加无序 ;其放电可逆容量随五氧化二磷掺杂量的增加先增而后减 ,当P2 O5含量为 9wt%时 ,可逆容量达到最大值 (5 2 8mA·h·g- 1) ,是未掺杂 (2 30mA·h·g- 1)的 2倍多 相似文献