The effect of auditory feedback on phonation threshold pressure measurement

The effect of auditory feedback on phonation threshold pressure (Pth) measurement was investigated in 14 females with normal, untrained voices. Two measurement systems (Glottal Enterprises MS 100--circumferentially vented mask and Kay Elemetrics Aerophone II--non-circumferentially vented mask) were examined under three conditions: (1) masked, (2) no mask, and (3) masked with enhanced auditory feedback-acoustic signal placed at ears through headphones. Masked with enhanced auditory feedback, in addition to subject training, significantly lowered Pth values regardless of mask design. The amount of auditory feedback provided by different mask designs was investigated and revealed a significant difference. Clinical significance of different auditory feedback levels provided by the two mask designs was investigated. Direct comparison of the mean values between systems was not possible because of each system's design and calibration. Comparisons were accomplished by subtracting means of select-paired conditions (masked/no mask; masked/masked plus masked with enhanced auditory feedback) within each system and then comparing these difference scores from the same paired conditions between each system. No clinical significance in difference scores was revealed because of varying amounts of auditory feedback provided by the masks. Results support the use of enhanced auditory feedback, in addition to subject training, when measuring Pth.     

球形容器内气体的泄爆过程

为了得到球形容器内可燃气体的泄爆强度产生机理以及燃烧火焰与压力传播的基本规律,从流体力学和化学反应动力学守恒出发,采用-湍流模型和EBU-Arrhenius燃烧模型,利用SIMPLE算法对带泄爆导管的球形容器二维空间内甲烷-空气预混气体的泄爆过程内外场进行了数值计算,获得了气体燃烧过程中火焰和压力传播特性以及气体流动特性,能够比较清晰地反映泄爆的整个过程。研究表明,燃烧火焰在泄爆过程中发生湍流,传播得到了极大的加速,泄爆导管对于容器内的高压气体泄放有很大的约束作用。     

泄爆外流场特性的试验研究

泄爆是工业部门常用的一种防爆安全技术手段。在某些条件下,泄爆外流场可能出现二次爆炸,故研究其外流场特别是二次爆炸的产生机制,具有重要的意义。文中对容积为0.00814m3带导管的柱形泄爆容器,在不同泄爆条件下一系列泄爆试验进行了详细的研究。试验获得的外流场时序阴影照片和压力历史,形象地描述了泄爆外流场的变化特征和二次爆炸的产生和发展过程。并对在不同泄爆压力、不同泄爆面积、不同当量比的甲烷-空气预混气和不同点火位置的试验条件下获得的结果进行了分析,讨论了二次爆炸强度的变化规律。