有机半导体的电子电离能、亲和势和极化能的密度泛函理论研究

准确预测有机半导体的能级(如电子电离能和亲和势等)对设计新型有机半导体材料和理解相关机理至关重要。从理论计算的角度看,主要挑战来自于缺少一种不仅能够在定性上合理而且在定量上精确预测,同时并不显著增加计算成本的理论方法。本文中,我们证明了通过结合极化连续介质模型(PCM)和"最优调控"区间分离密度泛函方法能够准确预测一系列有机半导体的电子电离能(IP)、亲和势(EA)和极化能,其预测结果与实验数据吻合得很好。重要的是,经过调控后分子的前线分子轨道能量(即-~εHOMO和-~εLUMO)与对应的IP和EA计算值很接近。调控方法的成功可以进一步归因于其能够根据不同分子体系或同种分子所处的不同状态(气态和固态)"最优"地平衡泛函中分别用于描述电子局域化和离域化的作用。相比而言,其它常见的密度泛函方法由于包含的HF%比例过低(如PBE)或过高(如M06HF和未调控的区间分离泛函),均不能给予合理的预测。因此,我们相信这种PCM-调控的方法能够为研究其它更加复杂的有机体系的能级问题提供一种更加可靠和便捷的理论工具。     

Two coordination polymers constructed by 5‐[(4‐carboxyphenoxy)methyl]benzene‐1,3‐dicarboxylic acid and 2,2′‐bipyridine: syntheses,structures and luminescence properties

Coordination polymers (CPs) have attracted increasing interest in recent years. In this work, two new CPs, namely poly[[aquabis(2,2′‐bipyridine‐κ²N,N′){μ₃‐5‐[(4‐carboxylatophenoxy)methyl]benzene‐1,3‐dicarboxylato‐κ⁴O¹,O^1′:O³:O⁵}(μ‐formato‐κ³O:O,O′)dicadmium(II)] monohydrate], {[Cd₂(C₁₆H₉O₇)(HCO₂)(C₁₀H₈N₂)₂(H₂O)]·H₂O}_n ( 1 ), and poly[[(2,2′‐bipyridine‐κ²N,N′){μ₃‐5‐[(4‐carboxylphenoxy)methyl]benzene‐1,3‐dicarboxylato‐κ⁴O¹,O^1′:O³:O⁵}manganese(II)] sesquihydrate], {[Mn(C₁₆H₁₀O₇)(C₁₀H₈N₂)]·1.5H₂O}_n ( 2 ), have been prepared using the tricarboxylic acid 5‐[(4‐carboxyphenoxy)methyl]benzene‐1,3‐dicarboxylic acid and 2,2′‐bipyridine under hydrothermal conditions. CP 1 displays a two‐dimensional layer structure which is further extended into a three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular structure via intermolecular π–π interactions, while CP 2 shows a different 3D supramolecular structure extended from one‐dimensional ladder chains by intermolecular π–π interactions. In addition, the solid‐state luminescence spectra of 1 and 2 were studied at room temperature.     

Tough,Reprocessable, and Recyclable Dynamic Covalent Polymers with Ultrastable Long-Lived Room-Temperature Phosphorescence

Room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) polymers, whose emission can persist for a long period after photoexcitation, are of great importance for practical applications. Herein, dynamic covalent boronic ester linkages with internal B−N coordination are incorporated into a commercial epoxy matrix. The reversible dissociation of B−N bonds upon loading provides an efficient energy dissipation pathway for the epoxy network, while the rigid epoxy matrix can inhibit the quenching of triplet excitons in boronic esters. The obtained polymers exhibit enhanced mechanical toughness (12.26 MJ m⁻³), ultralong RTP (τ=540.4 ms), and shape memory behavior. Notably, there is no apparent decrease in the RTP property upon prolonged immersion in various solvents because the networks are robust. Moreover, the dynamic bonds endow the polymers with superior reprocessablity and recyclability. These novel properties have led to their potential application for information encryption and anti-counterfeiting.     

An Extended NIR-II Superior Imaging Window from 1500 to 1900 nm for High-Resolution In Vivo Multiplexed Imaging Based on Lanthanide Nanocrystals

High-resolution in vivo optical multiplexing in second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) is vital to biomedical research. Presently, limited by bio-tissue scattering, only luminescent probes located at NIR-IIb (1500–1700 nm) window can provide high-resolution in vivo multiplexed imaging. However, the number of available luminescent probes in this narrow NIR-IIb region is limited, which hampers the available multiplexed channels of in vivo imaging. To overcome the above challenges, through theoretical simulation we expanded the conventional NIR-IIb window to NIR-II long-wavelength (NIR-II-L, 1500–1900 nm) window on the basis of photon-scattering and water-absorption. We developed a series of novel lanthanide luminescent nanoprobes with emission wavelengths from 1852 nm to 2842 nm. NIR-II-L nanoprobes enabled high-resolution in vivo dynamic multiplexed imaging on blood vessels and intestines, and provided multi-channels imaging on lymph tubes, tumors and intestines. The proposed NIR-II-L probes without mutual interference are powerful tools for high-contrast in vivo multiplexed detection, which holds promise for revealing physiological process in living body.     

高盐溶液蒸发过程中的分子动力学模拟与研究

随着我国工业的快速发展,如何减量化处理工业排放的高盐废水已经成为了亟待解决的环境问题.在处理高盐废水的各种工艺中,热蒸发技术因具备脱盐效果好,灵活性好等特点得到了广泛应用.本文从微观角度出发,采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了LiCl、KCl、CaCl₂三种溶液在400 K和500 K两种温度加热条件下的蒸发过程,分析了Li⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺,Cl^-四种盐离子对蒸发速率、水分子取向、氢键、溶液结构等性质的影响.研究结果表明温度的提升会对蒸发速率产生极大影响,温度的提高不会改变配位水化层的位置但会明显减少离子的配位水分子数,有利于提高活跃水分子的占比和蒸发速率.     

Exchange-Biasing in a Dinuclear Dysprosium(III) Single-Molecule Magnet with a Large Energy Barrier for Magnetisation Reversal

A dichlorido-bridged dinuclear dysprosium(III) single-molecule magnet [Dy₂L₂(μ-Cl)₂(thf)₂] has been made by using a diamine-bis(phenolate) ligand, H₂L. Magnetic studies show an energy barrier for magnetisation reversal (U_eff) around 1000 K. An exchange-biasing effect is clearly seen in magnetic hysteresis with steps up to 3 K. Ab initio calculations exclude the possibility of a pure dipolar origin of this effect leading to the conclusion that super-exchange through the chloride bridging ligands is important.     

大气中气相和颗粒相三氟乙酸浓度测定

建立了我国大气中气相和颗粒相三氟乙酸(Trifluoroacetic acid,TFA)的采集和分析方法。采用环形扩散管-滤膜联用装置分离气相和颗粒相,利用环形扩散管的碱性涂层吸附气相TFA,石英滤膜吸附颗粒相物质。对气相和颗粒相样品分别处理,以2,4-二氟苯胺作为衍生剂,与TFA反应生成TFA的苯胺产物,采用GC/MS进行分析。本方法在0.31～4.91μg/L浓度范围内呈线性关系(R2=0.9991),检出限为66 ng/L。采样装置回收率为(101±3)%,当采样量为48 m3,TFA大气浓度检出限为31 pg/m3。于2012年4～10月在北京大学采样点采集大气,测得其中TFA总浓度在501～7447 pg/m3范围,TFA在气相中的浓度大于在颗粒相中的浓度,气固分配系数Kp随温度变化。     

Residue Analysis of Fluroxypyr-meptyl in Wheat and Soil by GC�CECD

C-Phycocyanin is a natural blue pigment with many commercial applications in foods, cosmetics, and medicines. In this paper we describe the extraction and purification of C-phycocyanin from the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. The procedure is based on adsorption of impurities with chitosan and activated charcoal then one-step ion-exchange chromatography. The dry algal powder was soaked in potassium phosphate buffer for 2?h to furnish crude phycocyanin extract of purity 0.93. The crude extract was then treated with chitosan and activated charcoal for 5?min, which increased the purity to 2.78. After chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A-25, the purity of phycocyanin was improved to 4.3. The identity of the purified phycocyanin was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate?Cpolyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis and by spectroscopic measurements (UV?Cvisible spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry). Compared with conventional methods, this method was simple, inexpensive, and time-saving.     

不同价态Mn掺杂InN电子结构、磁学和光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论体系下的广义梯度近似GGA+U平面波超软赝势方法,在构建了纤锌矿结构的InN超胞及三种不同有序占位Mn~(2+),Mn~(3+)价态分别掺杂InN超胞模型,并进行几何优化的基础上,计算了掺杂前后体系的电子结构、能量以及光学性质.计算结果表明:Mn掺杂后体系总能量和形成能降低,稳定性增加,并在费米能级附近引入自旋极化杂质带,体系具有明显的自旋极化现象.掺杂不同价态的Mn元素对体系电子结构和磁学性质产生了不同的影响.电子结构和磁性分析表明掺杂体系的磁性来源于p-d交换机制和双交换机制的共同作用,Mn~(3+)价态掺杂有利于掺杂体系的居里温度达到室温以上.与未掺杂InN相比,不同价态Mn元素掺杂后体系的静态介电函数显著增大,掺杂体系介电函数虚部和吸收光谱在低能区域出现了较强的新峰,分析认为这些新峰主要来自与费米能级附近自旋极化杂质带相关的跃迁.     

Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Nanoscale NH_2-MIL-53(Fe) for the Adsorption of Dye

Nanometer blocks of amide-functionalized Fe(Ⅲ)-based metal-organic frameworks,NH2-MIL-53(Fe),were prepared via ultrasonic method without any surfactants at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.The characterization for the as-prepared nano-structured MOFs was established by XRD,SEM,TEM,XPS and N2 adsorption-desorption.The as-prepared sample with high specific surface area(179.9 m²·g^-1)showed excellent adsorption for methylene blue in the liquid phase.The as-prepared NH₂-MIL-53(Fe)adsorbent seems to be a promising material in practice for organic dye removal from aqueous solution.