Experimental investigation of the quality of lensless super-resolution ghost imaging via sparsity constraints

Ghost imaging via sparsity constraints (GISC) can nonlocally realize super-resolution imaging. Factors influencing the quality of lensless super-resolution GISC are investigated and the experimental results show that, the quality of GISC is enhanced as the object?s sparse ratio in the representation basis or the spatial transverse coherence lengths on the object plane are decreased. The differences between ghost imaging (GI) and GISC are also discussed.     

盲目反卷积光谱图超分辨复原算法

反卷积是实现光谱图超分辨复原的重要手段,与常规反卷积相比,盲目反卷积具有不需要预先准确获取卷积核函数的优势。着眼于充分利用光谱信号的特点和已有的光谱图反卷积成果,详细讨论了空域迭代盲目反卷积方法用于光谱图反卷积时的算法实现问题,并在分析光谱图卷积退化过程的基础上,针对光谱图反卷积算法特点,提出了光谱图卷积退化简化计算模型和最小二乘高斯拟合模型,以解决算法中相应的计算问题。基于Matlab平台的仿真表明,对于所用的高斯型谱线和点扩散函数,空域迭代盲目反卷积算法效果良好,在信噪比为50 dB时,分辨率提高约30％。     

Chemical Physics in Living Cells-using Light to Visualize and Control Intracellular Signal Transduction?

Cells are crowded microenvironments filled with macromolecules undergoing constant physical and chemical interactions. The physicochemical makeup of the cells affects various cellular responses, determines cell-cell interactions and influences cell decisions. Chemical and physical properties differ between cells and within cells. Moreover, these properties are subject to dynamic changes in response to environmental signals, which often demand adjustments in the chemical or physical states of intracellular molecules. Indeed, cellular responses such as gene expression rely on the faithful relay of information from the outside to the inside of the cell, a process termed signal transduction. The signal often traverses a complex path across subcellular spaces with variable physical chemistry, sometimes even influencing it. Understanding the molecular states of such signaling molecules and their intracellular environments is vital to our understanding of the cell. Exploring such intricate spaces is possible today largely because of experimental and theoretical tools. Here, we focus on one tool that is commonly used in chemical physics studies-light. We summarize recent work which uses light to both visualize the cellular environment and also control intracellular processes along the axis of signal transduction. We highlight recent accomplishments in optical microscopy and optogenetics, an emerging experimental strategy which utilizes light to control the molecular processes in live cells. We believe that optogenetics lends unprecedented spatiotemporal precision to the manipulation of physicochemical properties in biological contexts. We hope to use this work to demonstrate new opportunities for chemical physicists who are interested in pursuing biological and biomedical questions.     

Electrochemistry probed one molecule at a time

Probing electrochemical reactions at the single-reaction level is the ultimate goal for electroanalytical chemistry. The development of electrical approaches and optical methods has enabled addressing the electrochemistry of individual molecules in various systems such as scanning probe microscopy, fixed nanogaps, nanopores, single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, and single-molecule electrochemiluminescence microscopy, which can bring new views on fundamental electrochemistry, electroanalytical applications, and electrochemical cells. We conclude with potential directions for further improving the spatial and temporal resolution and developing new techniques towards meeting the requirements for achieving the outlined goals.     

Fourier变换光谱学的一种光谱分辨率增强方法

本文提出了一种基于特征值分析与线性拟合 (EALF)的超分辨率谱估计方法。其实质是在光谱的Fourier变换域内进行信号处理 ,以使复原谱的分辨率突破仪器函数的限制。EALF由总体最小二乘参数估计、特征值分析频率估计和最小二乘拟合振幅估计三个步骤来实现。本文将介绍EALF谱估计的原理 ,通过仿真实验验证原理的正确性 ,讨论关键技术 ,并总结EALF相对于其他Fourier变换光谱分辨率增强技术的主要优点。     

利用相位模板实现数字全息超分辨成像

为了简化数字全息超分辨记录系统,分别在其物光和参考光部分引入一块相位模板,以获得垂直和倾斜方向照明物体的光束和具有不同载波频率的参考光束.当这些具有不同照射方向的光透过物体后,可以使CCD在位置固定的情况下记录到携带低频和高频信息的物体衍射场,不同载波频率的参考光则保证了高频和低频信息在复合全息图的频谱面上能够相互分离.实验结果证明,通过将记录到的物体高频和低频信息合成,可以获得超出系统衍射极限分辨率的再现像.     

Fibre-optic double-pass confocal microscopy

This paper reports on the construction and characterisation of a novel double-pass confocal scanning microscope that uses a four-port fibre coupler. The new imaging system is self-aligned, compact, vibration-free, and purely coherent. Compared with fibre-optic transmission- and reflection-mode confocal systems, the fibre-optic double-pass confocal imaging system exhibits higher resolution.     

Near-field imaging with far-field data

Using the inverse diffractive grating problem as an example, we demonstrate how a super-resolution can be achieved stably by using far-field data. The idea is to place a slab of a homogeneous medium with a large index of refraction above the grating surface, and more propagating wave modes can be utilized from the far-field data which contributes to the reconstruction resolution.     

A novel blind spatial-based random access to pilots (BSB-RAP) in overloaded massive MIMO systems

In this study, to increase the success rate of active user admission in overloaded massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems, a new spatially based random access to pilots (RAP) is proposed to assign orthogonal pilots to the users requesting network access. Therefore, by increasing the acceptance rate of users in a cell, this approach reduces the training overhead and waste of resources. In the massive MIMO for crowd scenarios, the main issue is the limited number of available orthogonal pilots employed by the users in the channel estimation process. This novel approach as spatially based random access enables us to have more connected users during every coherence interval (CI) despite the mentioned limitation. Intrinsic angular domain sparsity of massive MIMO channels and the sporadic traffic of users can help us obtain the spatial features of active UEs in a blind continuous compressed sensing (CCS) approach. Proposed approach is to use a continuous compressed sensing technique based on a prior optimization that provides users’ angle of arrival (AoA) and an innovative space-based RAP protocol to assign orthogonal pilots to active users in coherent transmission. Unlike the previous works, this strategy does not need to limit the number of users to the number of available orthogonal pilots due to the employed spatial degrees of freedom.