采动影响下金川二矿区14行风井变形破坏机制探讨*

摘  要   竖井作为井下开采矿山的咽喉工程,在矿山的安全生产中起着举足轻重的作用。金川二矿区14行主力回风井位于矿体下盘,井深715.5m,穿过的工程围岩有超基性岩、花岗岩、大理岩、辉绿岩等以及F207断层。该风井于1999年10月开工下掘, 2002年投入使用,2005年3月突然跨塌。本文根据现场调查和数值模拟,分析了风井变形破坏的特征和机制。发现主要有井壁错动开裂、片冒、冒落物冲击井壁等几种破坏形式,并得出在采动影响下最易在以下几个位置发生破坏：①井筒上部（0～200m）,易出现拉裂破坏和围岩整体剪切滑动;②F207断层及其上下接触部位（200～220m）,井筒很有可能在此处发生上下错动,从而导致剪切破坏;③井筒中部（360～460m）,受采动影响较大,可能发生鼓肚子破坏;④井筒下部F16断层影响带（井底以上50m）,岩体在采动影响下将发生松动,从而导致在结构面穿插部位可能发生冒落。     

轴类超声检测的波束扩散成像*

大型轴类工件安装完成后通常只能从其端面进行检测,危害性的裂纹类缺陷不易检出,针对上述问题,本文提出了轴类对象基于波束扩散的端面网格化超声检测层析成像方法,搭建了轴类超声检测试验平台,在端面对其内部的平底孔缺陷进行检测,基于波束扩散设计叠加算法进行数据处理,然后根据结果重构出代表每个深度内部信息的伪彩色横截面图像,以方便快速识别内部缺陷位置和范围。与常规方法对比得出,基于波束扩散的叠加算法处理数据成像质量更佳,提高缺陷检测灵敏度达到12dB以上。     

舰船螺旋桨轴频估计中线谱要素提取算法

舰船辐射噪声DEMON谱(调制解调谱)线谱要素提取是舰船螺旋桨轴频估计中的关键步骤。现有的线谱提取技术主要用于功率谱线谱检测,侧重于线谱频率的确定,不能满足舰船螺旋桨轴频估计需求。本文根据DEMON谱线谱的特点及人工提取线谱的过程,设计了一种新的线谱要素提取算法,改进了谱峰筛选技术,将多时刻的DEMON线谱基于最大似然估计和谱峰序列相似度加以融合决策,最终确定了线谱频率和幅值(峰值)及边界。通过实际数据验证,此线谱要素提取算法更适用于螺旋桨轴频估计,可提高轴频估计的准确率。     

Active Stabilization of a Rotating Shaft Transmitting Static Torque

The paper is concerned with the problem of stability of a power transmitting thin-walled shaft made of the active laminate PFC (piezoelectric fiber composite). The shaft rotates with a given operational angular velocity, and is loaded by a static torque. Such a system is known to exhibit divergence or oscillating type of instability. On the one hand presence of internal friction in the material of the shaft leads to loss of stability at a certain critical rotation speed. The static torque can be responsible for spatial deformation of the shaft axis on the other. A method preventing the system from such behavior is discussed in the paper. The method is based on application of a composite material, which contains active piezoelectric fibers. The fibers produce bending moments, and this way affect the dynamics of the entire system. Two control strategies are investigated. Results of numerical simulations are presented graphically.     

大屯孔庄矿副井井筒破裂与底部含水层水文地质条件

本文从水动力和水化学两方面讨论了大屯孔庄矿副井井筒破裂与第四系底部含水层水文地质条件的关系, 详细分析了底部含水层水文地质条件变化可能对底部含水层及其周围岩土体以及井筒受力状态和强度特征产生的影响。首次指出了底部含水层水动力变化在井筒外部受力环境分析中的重要性和水化学作用对井壁混凝土强度的损害性。     

Analysis of gas–solid flow and shaft-injected gas distribution in an oxygen blast furnace using a discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics coupled model

Ironmaking using an oxygen blast furnace is an attractive approach for reducing energy consumption in the iron and steel industry. This paper presents a numerical study of gas–solid flow in an oxygen blast furnace by coupling the discrete element method with computational fluid dynamics. The model reliability was verified by previous experimental results. The influences of particle diameter, shaft tuyere size, and specific ratio (X) of shaft-injected gas (SIG) flowrate to total gas flowrate on the SIG penetration behavior and pressure field in the furnace were investigated. The results showed that gas penetration capacity in the furnace gradually decreased as the particle diameter decreased from 100 to 40 mm. Decreasing particle diameter and increasing shaft tuyere size both slightly increased the SIG concentration near the furnace wall but decreased it at the furnace center. The value of X has a significant impact on the SIG distribution. According to the pressure fields obtained under different conditions, the key factor affecting SIG penetration depth is the pressure difference between the upper and lower levels of the shaft tuyere. If the pressure difference is small, the SIG can easily penetrate to the furnace center.