基于高光谱数据和模型反演植被叶面积指数的进展

植被叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index , LAI)是陆面过程中影响陆-气交换的重要参数,也是表征植被冠层结构最基本的参量之一。准确而快速地获取LAI是植被-气候相互作用、植被生态和农作物估产研究不可缺少的工作。本文首先针对LAI和高光谱遥感进行概述,然后从不同平台高光谱传感器数据和不同反演方法两个角度总结了国内外近些年来高光谱遥感LAI的研究进展,最后分析了高光谱遥感反演LAI的未来发展方向。     

基于光谱特征的北京城区植被滞尘分布反演

植被叶片的滞尘量可以表征空气污染的程度, 分析城市植被滞尘的空间特征对于制定更为有效的空气污染控制政策具有重要的现实意义。基于北京市主城区采集的大叶黄杨、国槐、毛白杨和山桃等四种典型绿化植被叶片的滞尘量、光谱反射率和叶面积等数据,比较四种植被叶片滞尘前后的光谱曲线,进行窄波段与卫星波段滞尘前后叶片光谱反射率比值与滞尘量的相关分析。然后,分别建立相关性最大的卫星波段反射率和NDVI与滞尘量之间的回归模型, 选取拟合较好的模型反演北京城区植被的滞尘量分布,进而插值得到整个北京城区的尘埃分布。最后,根据高滞尘区域周围的土地覆盖和土地利用以及滞尘期间PM₁₀浓度的空间分布对反演的的合理性进行检验。结果表明：在780~1 300 nm波段,大叶黄杨、国槐、毛白杨和山桃四种植被的滞尘叶片反射率均明显低于干净叶片;窄波段反射率与滞尘量在520~650 nm波段和1 390~1 600 nm波段具有较高的相关性,相关系数的绝对值最高达到0.626;利用Landsat8的green波段和NDVI构建的滞尘反演模型,决定系数(R2)分别为0.446和0.465。NDVI模型反演的北京城区植被的滞尘量分布结果表明,北京城区滞尘含量呈现出北高南低,东高西低,中心城区高于郊区的空间分布格局。该研究通过高光谱和遥感影像数据反演滞尘量,可以为快速全面监测城市地区尘埃分布提供参考。     

智能算法在晶体色散方程参量反演中的比较研究

为了研究智能优化算法在不同晶体材料色散方程参数反演中的迭代搜索性能问题,根据已测石英和方解石晶体的实验数据,分别采用遗传算法、模拟退火算法和遗传模拟退火算法应用于晶体色散方程的参数反演中,获得了晶体修正的塞耳迈耶尔方程的参量,同时比较了三种算法在迭代搜索性能、算法稳定性、计算时间和差方和等之间的差异,结果表明,三种算法在晶体色散方程参数反演时都可以得到满意的结果,但是,由于遗传模拟退火算法同时具备遗传算法的快速全局搜索性能和模拟退火算法的极强局部搜索性能,使得在晶体色散方程参数反演中的优化效果更优.因此在建立其它材料色散方程时建议采用遗传模拟退火算法,而且这一结果对研究混合智能算法的迭代搜索性能也是有帮助的.     

A retrieval method for nonlinear metamaterials

Metamaterials are engineered periodic structures for which it is possible to assign effective homogenized constitutive properties. In recent years, metamaterials in which the constituent elements are integrated with inherently nonlinear materials or electronic components have been considered for their potential impact on nonlinear wave propagation. As is the case with their linear counterparts, nonlinear metamaterials can also be assigned homogenized effective properties. The effective constitutive parameters of a metamaterial can be determined by a retrieval method applied to full-wave numerical simulations of a single layer of the structure. In this work, we present a transfer matrix approach that extends the retrieval of metamaterial properties to include the effective nonlinear susceptibilities. Comparisons with time-domain finite element simulations of continuous nonlinear slabs confirm the validity of this approach. The proposed approach is also applied to determine the nonlinear susceptibility of a simple nonlinear metamaterial.     

Retrieve the aerosol size-distribution by using a “combined model”

In this paper, a combined model to retrieve the aerosol size-distribution is proposed. To some extent the model could be regarded as a generalized independent-model. As the traditional independent-model, the combined model is more scientific and objective than the dependent-model. The rationality of the combined model is proved to be self-consistency, and its validity is verified by retrieving the size-distribution of Al particles in the water. It is found that the results retrieved by using the combined model are better than the results retrieved by using the independent-mode.     

Retrieval of ozone profile from ground-based measurements with polarization: A synthetic study

We perform a retrieval based on optimal estimation theory to retrieve the vertical distribution of ozone from simulated spectra in the Huggins bands. The model atmosphere includes scattering by aerosol as well as Rayleigh scattering. The virtual instrument is ground-based and zenith-viewing. Using this algorithm, we show that it is possible to retrieve the ozone profile provided that the spectral resolution is at least 0.2 nm and the signal to noise ratio greater than 500. Our synthetic retrievals suggest that if we are able to measure the Stokes parameters Q, U and V with accuracy comparable to that of the intensity, the information contained in the measurements, and therefore the inversion, will improve. Furthermore, we find that the measurement of the full Stokes vector from the ground-based instrument will especially enhance the retrieval of tropospheric ozone. Utilizing concepts from information theory, our arguments are confirmed by increases in the degrees of freedom and the Shannon information content in the simulated measurements.     

无人机数据库中海量飞行数据快速检索模型设计

对无人机数据库中海量飞行数据进行快速准确的检索,能够为无人机的安全飞行提供可靠的保障。传统的数据检索方法进行海量飞行数据检索的过程中,没有考虑飞行数据之间的联系,在检索的过程中需要频繁扫描数据库,降低了挖掘效率。提出一种基于模糊粗糙集算法的无人机数据库中海量飞行数据检索方法。该算法在充分考虑到飞行数据之间的联系的前提下,利用自动标引技术对数据库中的实时飞行数据进行分析,再利用特征向量进行飞行数据的内部描述,计算飞行数据检索的模糊表示的上、下近似集,建立海量飞行数据检索模型,根据模型的输出结果利用布尔逻辑进行模糊匹配,最终检索出与查询的关键词近似的飞行数据,并将检索结果按照相似度进行排序。实验结果表明,该算法能够提高检索的效率,效果令人满意。     

A Novel Fuzzy Document Based Information Retrieval Model for Forecasting

Information retrieval systems are generally used to find documents that are most appropriate according to some query that comes dynamically from users. In this paper a novel Fuzzy Document based Information Retrieval Model (FDIRM) is proposed for the purpose of Stock Market Index forecasting. The novelty of proposed approach is a modified tf-idf scoring scheme to predict the future trend of the stock market index. The contribution of this paper has two dimensions, 1) In the proposed system the simple time series is converted to an enriched fuzzy linguistic time series with a unique approach of incorporating market sentiment related information along with the price and 2) A unique approach is followed while modeling the information retrieval (IR) system which converts a simple IR system into a forecasting system. From the performance comparison of FDIRM with standard benchmark models it can be affirmed that the proposed model has a potential of becoming a good forecasting model. The stock market data provided by Standard & Poor’s CRISIL NSE Index 50 (CNX NIFTY-50 index) of National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) is used to experiment and validate the proposed model. The authentic data for validation and experimentation is obtained from http://www.nseindia.com which is the official website of NSE. A java program is under construction to implement the model in real-time with graphical users’ interface.     

渤海固有光学量高光谱遥感反演

水体固有光学量是重要的海洋光学参数,是辐射传输模型最基本的输入参数,对于海洋光学遥感和水色研究具有重要意义。基于2005年渤海高光谱实测遥感反射率和总吸收系数数据,首次利用非线性最小化优化模型,反演水体总吸收系数等固有光学量。经过实测数据的检验,412,440,510,555,650和676 nm波段总吸收系数的反演平均相对误差分别为33.8%,20.4%,27.7%,37.5%,9.5%和10.8%。模型误差源主要为模型参数的不确定性和测量误差,通过讨论发现,光谱斜率S对总吸收系数的反演影响相对较少,而光谱指数Y导致的反演误差是不可忽略的。模型适用于高光谱数据,填补渤海固有光学量的最优化反演研究的空白,并可用于高光谱遥感数据的固有光学量遥感反演研究。     

真实加工表面后向散射特性分析及表面参数反演

无合作目标激光绝对测距中,远距离、真实表面的后向散射特性机理不明朗,严重影响测距结果,是制约测距技术发展的重要瓶颈。以立铣、平铣、平磨等三种典型实际机械加工方式下的粗糙表面为研究对象,测量了在1 550 nm红外激光照射下形成的后向散射场,探究了不同加工方式下特殊后向散射场形成的原因,深入分析了表面纹理、入射方位角、入射角度、粗糙度对后向散射场分布的影响。实验结果分析表明,加工制造表面的后向散射光谱形态分布受加工方式的影响很大,且相互入射几何关系和粗糙度对每种加工方式下的实际粗糙表面均有规律性影响。为了能够获取足够的后向散射能量,对表面参数的识别反演显得十分重要。进一步构建了一种加工表面多维参数反演模型,采用另外一种加工方式(刨床)的样块数据进行验证,加工方式能够被准确区分,入射方位角和粗糙度反演的相对误差分别达到1.21%和1.03%,反演精度较高。经实验验证,通过表面参数的反演极大拓宽了无合作目标激光绝对测距的范围,有效降低了表面纹理、入射方位角、粗糙度等对测距范围的影响。这一研究结果还对具有纹理特征加工表面的后向散射光谱的研究和在其他领域的应用均具有一定的参考价值。