γ-Ray-induced polymerization of methyl methacrylate was conducted in a microemulsion stabilized by a mixture of sodium of 12-acryloxy-9-octadecenoic acid (AOA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with various weight ratios at room temperature. The experimental data showed that the mixture of AOA and SDS with a weight ratio 2 was an efficient surfactant system for the microemulsion containing 38.6 wt% MMA and 5.5 wt% surfactant. The effects of MMA concentration and dose rate on the polymerization kinetics and particle size are discussed. 相似文献
Novel and efficient separations of pharmaceutical substances were achieved using oil-in-water microemulsion eluent and a conventional
C18 packing with a flow rate of 1 mL/min−1. Attempts to decrease analysis time was limited due to the high viscosity of the microemulsion which generated relatively
high back-pressures. Monolithic columns gave 3-fold lower back-pressures and allowed flow rates of 4 mL/min−1. with the same microemulsion mobile phase which permitted rapid separations to be achieved. Separation of a test-mix of paraben
preservatives was achieved in both isocratic and gradient mode in less than 1 min. The monolith-microemulsion combination
was applied to rapidly quantitatively analyse two formulated products with excellent linearity, accuracy and repeatability.
Quantitative analysis times were under 90 seconds. Successful quantitation of both nicotine lozenges and naprosyn tablets
was performed using this approach. 相似文献
The basic hydrolysis of crystal violet has been studied in w/o microemulsions of the CTAB/alkanols/cyclohexane system (alkanols: 1-butanol and 1-hexanol). The reaction can be considered to occur in the water phase of the droplets and from the rate constant the apparent dielectric constant of the water phase was determined. The cyclohexane incorporation in the system produces a decrease in the effective dielectric constant of the water phase and in the specific conductivity. 相似文献
Nanocrystals of KMgF3 single-doped and codoped with Ce^3+ or/and Yb^3+ were synthesized separately by the mi-croemulsion method. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns were indexed to show that the KMgF3 crystal system was unchanged. The fluorescent spectra of KMgF3: Ce, Yb polycrystal powders were studied and compared with those of the Ce,Yb doped KMgF3 crystals produced using the high-temperature solid phase method. The diffuse reflection spectra and infrared emission of KMgF3: Ce, Yb were investigated. From the results, the authors could confirm that there were charge transfer processes from Ce^3+ to Yb^3+ in both KMgF3: Ce,Yb nanocrystals and polycrystal powders. 相似文献
Methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate were polymerized in oil-in-water microemulsions that were stabilized by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). A poly(N-acetylethylenimine) (PNAEI) macromer was also included in the recipe, as a cosurfactant and a comonomer. Polymerizations were initiated by UV-irradiation. The average diameters of latex particles, obtained by STM, were in the range of 17-200 nm. The experimental data evidenced that the particle size was mainly dependent on the SDS/PNAEI ratio. Polymerization yields were around 75-85%. The synthesized copolymers have viscosity average molecular weights in the range of 2.1-2.4×106 and glass transition temperatures of 38.0-43.5°C, lower than those obtained without using PNAEI. The investigation by means of FTIR and 1H-NMR techniques revealed that PNAEI was incorporated into the nanoparticles. 相似文献
IntroductionPerovskite complex fluorides have attracted great ainterest due to their particular physical properties, suchas piezoelectric characteristics[1], ferromagnetic prop-erty[2], nonmagnetic insulator behavior[3], and photo-luminescence host functi… 相似文献
Turbid emulsion systems of ethylacrylate/sodium dodecyl sulphate/water with monomer to surfactant (M/S) ratios 10 and 40 were transformed into stable transparent/translucent nanolatexes through emulsion polymerisation using potassium persulphate as an initiator. The latex particle size was observed to be similar to that obtained by true microemulsion polymerisation where M/S ratio is one. The kinetic plots exhibited two intervals upto M/S ratios 10. AIBN initiated systems showed separation of two phases for the M/S ratio ?10. M/S ratios were varied from 1 to 54 for the comparative study of polymerisation in emulsion and microemulsion media. Gel effect dominance was observed around 40-60% conversion for the microemulsion polymerisation of ethylacrylate. Only one chain per particle was observed for microemulsion system with M/S ratio 1 and three to four chains per particle were observed for the systems with M/S ratios 10 and 40. Unlike M/S=1 system, higher dependency of polymerisation rate on initiator concentration was observed for the systems with M/S=10 and 40. A possible mechanism for such a transformation has been proposed. 相似文献
By contrast to traditional free radical emulsion polymerization, catalytic polymerization allows for polymer microstructure
control. In terms of polymerizable monomers, both techniques are largely complementary. Since the beginning of this decade,
an increasing number of reports on polyolefin, polybutadiene, polyalkenamer, polynorbornene, polyketone, and polyacetylene
dispersions prepared by catalytic polymerization in disperse aqueous systems has appeared. This contribution reviews the preparation
of these dispersions, their colloidal properties, particle formation mechanisms, particle morphologies, and polymer microstructures. 相似文献
This paper is focused on the use of branched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) as reducing as well as stabilizing agent for the formation of gold nanoparticles in different media. The process of nanoparticle formation was investigated, in the absence of any other reducing agents, in microemulsion template phase in comparison to the nucleation process in aqueous polymer solution.
On the one hand, it was shown that the polyelectrolyte can be used for the controlled single-step synthesis and stabilization of gold nanoparticles via a nucleation reaction and particles with an average diameter of 7.1 nm can be produced.
On the other hand, it was demonstrated that the polymer can also act as reducing and stabilizing agent in much more complex systems, i.e. in water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion droplets. The reverse microemulsion droplets of the quaternary system sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)/toluene–pentanol (1:1)/water were successfully used for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. The polymer, incorporated in the droplets, exhibits reducing properties, adsorbs on the surface of the nanoparticles and prevents their aggregation. Consequently, nanoparticles of 8.6 nm can be redispersed after solvent evaporation without a change of their size.
Nevertheless, the polymer acts already as a “template” during the formation of the nanoparticles in water and in microemulsion, so that an additional template effect of the microemulsion is not observed.
The particle formation for both methods is checked by means of UV–vis spectroscopy and the particle size and size distribution are investigated via dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 相似文献