SOIL EROSION AND DEGRADATION BASED ON SAND PARTICLES TRANSPORT CAUSED BY WIND BLOWING

Abstract In this paper, the effect of sand particles transport caused by wind blowing and its role in the land degradation and desertification process is considered. For the modeling of the 3D landscape, a grayscale height map has been used, the vegetation has been modeled using a Lindenmayer system, and the sand particles have been modeled as a 3D mesh‐free particles system. It was assumed that both the sand motion and the wind motion are incompressible continuum systems and their behavior follows the Navier–Stokes equations. To simulate the sand transport, the Navier–Stokes equations are discretized using the moving particle Semi‐implicit (MPS) method. Different types of revegetation patterns (windbreakers) have been used to show some effective measures preventing soils from erosion.     

城市交通疏导的优化算法及应用研究

城市交通是一个随机性很强、复杂的系统.影响城市交通顺畅的因素很多,针对目前交通存在的问题,由具体实例到抽象特性,从城市局部到整体进行了研究分析.在现有硬件设施的基础上,采用最优化算法,对比现有算法存在的缺点提出新的优化策略,便于智能交通管理.     

Dynamics of long-living excitons in tunable potential landscapes

A novel method to experimentally study the dynamics of long-living excitons in coupled quantum well semiconductor heterostructures is presented. Lithographically defined top gate electrodes imprint in-plane artificial potential landscapes for excitons via the quantum confined Stark effect. Excitons are shuttled laterally in a time-dependent potential landscape defined by an interdigitated gate structure. Long-range drift exceeding a distance of at an exciton drift velocity is observed in a gradient potential formed by a resistive gate stripe.     

Variable-range hopping in 2D quasi-1D electronic systems

A semi-phenomenological theory of variable-range hopping (VRH) is developed for two-dimensional (2D) quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) systems such as arrays of quantum wires in the Wigner crystal regime. The theory follows the phenomenology of Efros, Mott and Shklovskii allied with microscopic arguments. We first derive the Coulomb gap in the single-particle density of states, g(ε), where ε is the energy of the charge excitation. We then derive the main exponential dependence of the electron conductivity in the linear (L), i.e. σ(T) ∼exp [-(T_L/T)^γL], and current in the non-linear (NL), i.e. , response regimes ( is the applied electric field). Due to the strong anisotropy of the system and its peculiar dielectric properties we show that unusual, with respect to known results, Coulomb gaps open followed by unusual VRH laws, i.e. with respect to the disorder-dependence of T_L and and the values of γ_L and γ_NL.     

Limit relations for three simple hyperbolic systems of conservation laws

This paper is concerned with the limit relations from the Euler equations of one‐dimensional compressible fluid flow and the magnetohydrodynamics equations to the simplified transport equations, where the δ‐shock waves occur in their Riemann solutions of the latter two equations. The objective is to prove that the Riemann solutions of the perturbed equations coming from the one‐dimensional simplified Euler equations and the magnetohydrodynamics equations converge to the corresponding Riemann solutions of the simplified transport equations as the perturbation parameterx ε tends to zero. Furthermore, the result can also be generalized to more general situations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Использование изотопа N15 в изученпи усвояемости азотньіх минеральньіх удобрений

The effect of contamination of a cyanide, phosphate-buffered gold-plating bath with iron, cobalt, or nickel on the codeposition of these metals with gold, was investigated using ⁵⁹Fe, ⁵⁸Co and ⁶³Ni. It was shown that cobalt and nickel were practically not codeposited in gold if present in the solution in amounts up to 1000 or 2000 mg/dm³ respectively. Iron deposited in high amounts (up to 18%) depending on its concentration and the cathode current density. The diminishing in current efficiency of the plating process is proposed as an early signal of the contamination of gold deposit with iron.     

Ein vereinfachtes Aufschlußverfahren für die spektroskopische 15N-Bestimmung im Mikromaßstab

Für die spektroskopische ¹⁵N-Bestimmung wird zur Füllung des elektrodenlosen Entladungsrohres der Stickstoff in sehr reinem gasförmigem- Zustand gebraucht. Bei den meisten zu untersuchenden Substanzen liegt der Stickstoff in gebundener Form vor. Die Aufarbeitung kann über Veraschung nach KJELDAHL und Umarbeitung des NH₄Cl zu N₂ oder durch Verbrennung nach DUMASerfolgen. Dieerste Methode wird sehr haufig angewendet, wobei die Oxydation des Ammoniumchlorids mit alkalischer Hypobromitlauge nach RITTENBERG 1 am verbreitetsten ist. Die Oxydation mit Kupferoxid wurde von HOCH und WEISSER 2 sowie von FAUST 3 beschrieben. ROLLE 4 wendet diese Oxydation des NH₄Cl für die Umarbeitung zur massenspektrometrischen Bestimmung an. Bei der Verbrennung der Substanz nach DUMAS fällt die KJELDAHL-Veraschung und die Umarbeitung des NH₄Cl weg, was eine Vereinfachung bedeutet. Dennoch wird diese Methode für die spektroskopische ¹⁵N-Bestimmung nur wenig angewendet.     

吐昔烯衍生物分子的电荷传输性质

根据爱因斯坦方程和Marcus电荷传输模型, 使用密度泛函理论B3lyp/6-31g^**理论水平计算6 个吐昔烯衍生物分子的结构和电荷传输性质. 结果显示: 6个吐昔烯的衍生物分子的空穴迁移速率为0.018–0.062 cm²·V^-1·s^-1, 电子迁移率为0.055–0.070 cm²·V^-1·s^-1, 其中3, 8, 13-辛烷氧基吐昔烯衍生物分子适合作为双极性传输材料. 三条烷氧基链的吐昔烯衍生物分子上引入三个甲氧基或羟基, 均使空穴和电子传输率降低. 引入给电子基团或共轭性基团可减小吐昔烯衍生物分子的能隙, 达到有机半导体的能隙要求. 关键词： 吐昔烯衍生物 空穴传输 电子传输 有机半导体     

PVK空穴传输层对Ndq3近红外发光二极管性能的影响

以PEDOT∶PSS作为空穴注入层,聚合物PVK作为空穴传输层,制备了结构为ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/PVK/8-羟基喹啉钕(Ndq3)/Al的近红外OLED,研究了PVK与PEDOT∶PSS功能层对器件I-V特性和EL光谱的影响。结果显示,在EL光谱中的905,1 064,1 340 nm处均观察到了荧光发射,分别对应于Nd3+的4F3/2→4I9/2、4F3/2→4I11/2和4F3/2→4I13/2能级跃迁。与参考器件对比分析认为,PEDOT∶PSS高的导电性降低了器件的串联电阻,增大了器件的工作电流;PVK与PEDOT∶PSS共同降低了空穴的注入势垒,实现了Ndq3发光层区域的载流子的注入平衡并改善了器件的发射强度。此外,PVK有效降低了ITO电极表面粗糙度,也是器件性能提高的原因之一。