Excess isentropic compressibility and speed of sound of the ternary mixture 2-propanol + diethyl ether + n-hexane and the constituent binary mixtures at 298.15 K

Speed of sound and densities of the ternary mixture 2-propanol + diethyl ether + n-hexane and also the binary mixtures 2-propanol + diethyl ether and 2-propanol + n-hexane have been measured at the entire composition range at 298.15 K. The excess isentropic compressibilities and the excess speed of the sound have been calculated from experimental densities and speed of sound. These excess properties of the binary mixtures were fitted to Redlich-Kister equation, while the Cibulka’s equation was used to fit the values related to the values to the ternary system. These excess properties have been used to discuss the presence of significant interactions between the component molecules in the binary mixtures and also the ternary mixtures. Speed of sound of the binary mixtures and the ternary mixture have been compared with calculated values from free length theory (FLT), collision factor theory (CFT), Nomoto’s relation (NR), Van Deal’s ideal mixing relation (IMR) and Junjie’s relation (JR). The results are used to compare the relative merits of these theories and relations in terms of the root mean square deviation relative (RMSD_r).     

Assessment of filtered gas–solid momentum transfer models via a linear wave propagation speed test

The propagation speeds of linear waves in gas–solid suspensions depend strongly on the solids volume fraction and the wave frequency. The latter is due to gas–solid momentum transfer and allows a simple test on filtered gas–solid momentum transfer models. Such models may predict linear wave propagation speeds different from those obtained with the non-filtered model at wave frequencies higher than the filter frequency, but not at wave frequencies lower than the filter frequency.     

Reconstruction of an acoustically sound-soft obstacle from one incident field and the far-field pattern

The problem considered is that of determining the shape of aplane acoustically sound-soft obstacle from the knowledge ofthe far-field pattern for one time-harmonic incident field.An iterative procedure is proposed based on two boundary integralsrepresenting the incident field and the far-field pattern, respectively.Numerical examples are included which show that the proceduregives accurate numerical approximations in relatively few iterations.     

Comparison of the Dynamics of Water Molecules in Crystals of Proton-Ordered Ice IX and Its Proton-Disordered Analog III

A computer simulation of proton-ordered ice IX and its proton-disordered analog III (768 molecules, 90 K) was carried out by the molecular dynamics method using Poltev–Malenkov's potential. For ice IX, the differences in the dynamic characteristics of molecules with O(1) and O(2) are much wider than those in the case of ice III. The libration spectrum of ice IX has a number of distinct acute peaks, and the spectrum of ice III is strongly smoothed. These peculiarities are explained by the proton ordering of ice IX and disordering of ice III. The latter is responsible for the great differences in the short- and especially long-range environment of water molecules in ice crystals and hence for the presence of many molecules with different dynamic characteristics. Thus averaging over a large number of different vibrational spectra of molecules leads to a smoothed total spectrum in the case of the proton-disordered crystal modification of ice.     

Optimum gas chromatographic conditions in wall-coated capillary columns. Extended and simplified forms of the Golay-equation

Band broadening in capillary columns is satisfactorily described by the Golay-equation extended to situations of appreciable pressure drop by Giddings. In practice, however, several simplifications are often made. The effect of these simplifications on the calculated values of the minimum plate height and optimum carrier gas velocity are treated systematically.     

毛细管电色谱中双电层叠加的研究

通过流动相中电解质浓度对毛细管电色谱柱效能的流动相平均线速度的影响，研究了ＣＥＣ中双电层叠加现象。提出选择合适电解质组成的浓度及在制备色谱柱过程中避免细小和破碎的固定相颗粒进入柱中，以有效地减小双电层叠加作用。     

冷态德士古气化炉流场与停留时间分布的研究

测定了德士古气化炉的冷态速度分布和停留时间分布。结果表明：德士古气化炉内在轴向２．５～３．０倍直径范围内存在回流，最大回流量为射流量的３．５倍左右；在平均停留时间之前，已有５０％左右的物料逸出炉外。本文指出，德士古气化炉中存在的问题，如结渣、耐火砖寿命短、有效气体成分偏低均与炉内流场有关。     

Compressibility and Volume Effects of Mixing of 1-Propanol with Heavy Water

Speed of sound and density of 1-propanol + heavy water were measured in the whole concentration range at temperatures from 293 to 313 K. Isentropic compressibility was calculated from the Laplace formula. The partial molar volume of 1-propanol reaches a minimum at the mole fraction of 1-propanol x ₁ 0.03. At the same concentration, the compressibility isotherms intersect one another. These features of the investigated system are similar to those of 1-propanol + H₂O, that points to essential similarity of the two mixtures. A clathrate-like structure was suggested to explain the experimental results for dilute solutions of the alcohol. Somewhat more pronounced hydrophobic hydration in D₂O than in H₂O is manifested by an effect similar to that resulting from the elongation of the alcohol molecule.     

Density and Speed of Sound for Binary Mixtures of a Cyclic Ether with a Butanol Isomer

Densities and speeds of sound of the binary mixtures 1,3-dioxolane + 1-butanol, 1,3-dioxolane + 2-butanol, 1,4-dioxane + 1-butanol, and 1,4-dioxane + 2-butanol have been measured at 25 and 40°C. The excess molar volumes and excess isentropic compressibility coefficients were calculated from experimental data and fitted to a Redlich–Kister polynomial function. Results were analyzed in terms of molecular interactions and compared with literature data.     

Metal foams: A survey

The current state-of-the-art in the development of cellular metal foams is reviewed, with focus on their fabrication, mechanical/thermal/acoustic properties, and potential applications as lightweight panels, energy absorbers, heat exchangers, and acoustic liners. Foam property charts with scaling relations are presented, allowing scoping and selection through the use of material indices.