表面纳米化对316L不锈钢低周疲劳性能的影响

超声喷丸(USSP)处理工艺在316L不锈钢表面制备出了纳米表面晶层,对表面纳米化后和未表面纳米化的316L不锈钢试样进行对比拉拉低周疲劳试验,运用数理统计学的方法分析研究了表面纳米化处理对316L不锈钢的低周疲劳性能的影响,并就表面纳米化对疲劳性能的影响机理进行了初步分析探讨.研究结果表明,超声喷丸表面纳米化处理可以有效地提高316L不锈钢的低周疲劳寿命;超声喷丸处理在表面所形成的残余压应力、晶粒细化的纳米强化表层是疲劳寿命提高的主要原因.     

面内行波超声电机定子表面质点运动轨迹与电机转矩

提出了面内行波超声电机的摩擦模型 ,研究了面内行波超声电机的动力传递机理 ,得出了电机的理想工作点 ,同时将电机的转矩和效率与定子表面质点的法向位移、切向位移及预应力相结合 ,提出为了实现电机大转矩和高效率 ,表面质点的法向位移应与转子接触区域质点的周向运动方向相同 .在满足上述条件的基础上 ,定子表面质点的切向位移和法向位移之比应尽量大 ,最佳比值应在考虑定子和转子之间的预紧力的条件下 ,使得电机工作于最大静摩擦力下 .最后采用有限元计算进行了验证     

Removal of Particle Bridges From a Porous Material by Ultrasonic Irradiation

Particle bridge formation during the flow of a liquid with particles through a porous material is a fouling mechanism that can block the pores and, hence, decrease the permeability of the material. Ultrasonic irradiation of the material is a cleaning method that can restore the permeability. We make a numerical study of this cleaning method using the lattice-Boltzmann method. We start from a pore blocked by two spherical particles attached to the pore wall by colloidal adhesion forces, thus forming a particle bridge. Next we calculate the hydrodynamic force exerted by a high-frequency acoustic wave on the two particles. By comparing the hydrodynamic force and the adhesion force we investigate, whether the particle bridge will be removed by the ultrasonic irradiation. A sensitivity study is carried out to investigate the influence of some relevant parameters, such as the acoustic wave amplitude, the acoustic frequency, the fluid flow velocity and the ratio of particle diameter and pore diameter. An upscaling procedure is applied to translate the microscopic results for the removal of the particles at the pore level to the permeability improvement of the material at the macroscopic level. A comparison is made between numerical results and experimental data. The agreement is reasonable.     

A Brief Summary of L. van Wijngaarden's Work Up Till His Retirement

This paper attempts to provide an overview of Professor Leen van Wijngaarden's scientific work by briefly summarizing a number of his papers. The review is organized by topic and covers his work on pressure waves in bubbly liquids, bubble dynamics, two-phase flow, standing waves in resonant systems, and flow cavitation noise. A list of publications up till his retirement in March 1997 is provided in the Appendix.     

Research progress on hydrodynamics of high speed vehicles in the underwater launching process

高速航行体水下发射水动力学研究, 是具有重大工程应用背景的前沿基础问题.与之紧密相关的非定常空化流动, 特别是空泡稳定性、溃灭等问题, 是影响发射载荷及安全性的关键.本文首先简述了这一领域的主要科学问题, 归纳了主要控制参数和影响方式; 之后针对非定常空化流动问题, 综述了已有的实验观测手段及数值模拟方法; 总结了空泡发展、稳定性、溃灭及流动控制等重要物理机制、模型及各因素相互作用规律; 最后展望了该领域仍存在的主要科学问题与未来发展趋势.     

纵扭型压电超声电机的结构优化

对纵扭复合型压电超声电机的结构进行了优化，包括压电陶瓷片的制作和安放位置、纵振位移振幅和扭振线切变位移振幅的放大，并对大直径电机进行了有限元分析，认为定子和转子应按振型设计接触面。     

体外冲击波碎石技术的力学机理的研究

体外冲击波粉碎结石术(extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ESWL)是冲击波和聚焦原理在医疗领域的最成功的应用, 因其无手术介入, 使用方便, 碎石率高, 治疗费用低, 已成为尿路结石的首选治疗方法.但是这种技术也有尚待完善之处, 例如: 对于大结石ESWL的治疗效率较低; 对人体组织有短期或长期的副作用,甚至可能造成 器官功能的不可逆性丧失等.ESWL通过一系列作用力粉碎结石和损伤人体组织的过程颇为复 杂.从ESWL技术诞生之时起, 人们就同步开展了关于ESWL的实验室的和临床的基础研究, 以期达到最好的碎石效果和最小的副作用.至今ESWL的破坏机制逐渐被人们所认识,但仍然 存在争论.冲击波直接的破坏机制已经比较清楚, 而它诱发的空化破坏机制是当前ESWL研究 的一个具有挑战性的热点.评定碎石机冲击波以及碎石效率的标准还在不断的完善之中.     

超声散斑数字相关法应用于刚体面内转动测量的研究

在激光数字散斑相关法测量理论的基础上,阐述了超声散斑相关法测量的基本原理,并建立了相应的超声散斑数字相关实验分析系统。在实验分析时,首先应用模拟测量的方法对刚体面内转动对散斑场相关性的影响进行了分析;然后应用实验测量的方法再对此进行了分析;最后对刚体未知面内转角进行了实测。实验结果表明,刚体面内转动可测量的最大转角为9°,当转动角度为10°时,误差大于9%。实验中分别应用了爬山搜索法和相关系数拟合法来分别搜索整像素的位移和亚像素的位移。     

Jet-Cavitation Flow Past “Fluid Cylinders”

A new class of plane steady-state flows of an inviscid incompressible weightless fluid in the presence of point singularities inside the flow and constant-pressure regions is studied. Solutions of the problems of jet and cavitation flow past the atmospheres of these singularities are constructed. At positive cavitation numbers, the singular-point method of Chaplygin and the Efros scheme are used for cavity closure. The case of negative cavitation numbers is also considered. A parametric and numerical analysis of the solutions obtained is carried out. The studied flows can be treated as either jet or circulation flow past curvilinear contours of special shape. They can also be used for constructing new schemes for the closure of developed cavitation zones.     

The characteristics of a vapour bubble moving in a non-uniform flow field

The present paper describes the dynamic process of a vapour bubble moving in a non-uniform flow field. The coupling between the bubble moving as a whole and the deformation of the bubble surface is considered. The effect of the pressure gradient on the bubble movement is analysed. For a given flow field the numerical calculation is carried out until the vapour bubble is split by a micro-jet.