Laser Nitriding of Iron,Stainless Steel,and Plain Carbon Steel Investigated by Mössbauer Spectroscopy

Nitriding is a common method for improving the hardness, mechanical properties, wear and corrosion resistance of metals. Laser nitriding of metals is an efficient process, where the irradiation of surfaces in air or nitrogen atmospheres with short laser pulses leads to a fast take-up of nitrogen into the irradiated surfaces. This process has been extensively investigated for pure iron, but usually, no tools or functional parts are made of pure iron. Mainly steel or cast iron is used as a base material. Therefore, when looking for technical applicability, also the influence of alloying elements on the laser nitriding process is of great interest. Besides the pure iron various carbon steels and an austenitic stainless steel were studied in laser nitriding experiments in order to investigate the influence of the material itself. Here, the process is investigated via Conversion Electron and X-ray Mössbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS and CXMS), Resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis (RNRA), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). It appears that carbon steels are even better suited for the laser nitriding process than pure iron, and the laser nitriding also works efficiently for the stainless steel which is normally difficult to be nitrided.     

表面等离子体子共振传感器研究谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶模拟物与底物的结合作用

采用表面等离子体子共振(SPR)传感装置,固定入射角,以波长为变量,以CCD为检测系统,用对金有较强吸附作用的谷胱甘肽(GSH)为基底膜,研究了GSH分别与谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)与小分子GPX模拟酶2-位-碲桥联-β-环糊精(2-TeCD)的动力学过程,计算得GSH与GST的结合常数为2.82×106L/mol;GSH与2-TeCD的结合常数为3.92×102L/mol。结果表明:本方法可以用来评价小分子GPX模拟酶与底物的结合程度,简便快捷,不需标记样品,可以实时监测反应过程,作用后酶与底物易于分离,分离后的酶可以继续使用等优点。     

Preparation and characterization of metallic membrane using wire arc spraying

Metallic membranes can be prepared by various techniques. This work introduces a novel method for the preparation of metallic membranes using wire arc spraying. The formed metallic membranes were characterized by metallographic techniques such as microscopy image analysis. The distance between gun and the substrate surface, which is called spray distance or gun distance, was selected as the variable of metal spraying. The effects of gun distance on coating properties and membrane performance were investigated. The metallographic and performance data showed that the range of 35–40 cm is the optimum gun distance for spraying. Ion rejection capability of the prepared membrane was tested using saline water as the feed. Moreover the filtration capability of the prepared membranes for blue indigo dye particles was investigated. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and SEM technique were used for the investigation of filtration mechanism. The results indicate that the prepared stainless steel membrane is able to efficiently remove particles from water.     

Improvement of a Stereoselective Biocatalytic Synthesis by Substrate and Enzyme Engineering: 2‐Hydroxy‐(4′‐oxocyclohexyl)acetonitrile as the Model

Even if biocatalysis is finding increasing application, it still has to gain widespread use in synthetic chemistry. Reasons for this are limitations that enzymes have with regard to substrate range, reaction scope, and insufficient selectivity with unnatural compounds. These shortcomings can be challenged by enzyme and/or substrate engineering, which are employed to alter substrate specificity and enhance the enzyme selectivity toward unnatural substrates. Herein, these two approaches are coupled to improve the hydroxynitrile lyase catalyzed synthesis of 2‐hydroxy‐(4′‐oxocyclohexyl)acetonitrile ( 4 ). The ketone functionality is masked as an enol ether, and the oxynitrilase of Hevea brasiliensis is engineered towards this masked substrate to give the product with a high optical purity and to drastically lower the amount of enzyme needed.     

CeO2对原位TiC弥散强化钢组织和性能的影响

以CeO2为活性添加剂,用原位接触法和铸造工艺方法制备了TiC弥散强化钢。实验表明：添加0.2%（质量分数）CeO2,可使TiC弥散强化钢中的TiC颗粒分布更加弥散,且有细化TiC颗粒的作用;从而提高了强化钢的强度和塑性,并在一定程度上改善钢的耐磨性能。然而,添加过量的CeO2却使TiC弥散强化钢显微组织中的TiC出现团聚。     

镧对SS400钢组织及力学性能的影响

研究了镧对SS400钢常温及低温力学性能的影响。结果表明,SS400钢的强度、塑性、冲击韧性以及硬度随镧含量的增加能够得到明显改善,但当镧加入量过大时,会造成SS400钢的强度、塑性、冲击韧性下降。将镧含量控制在0.016%左右能够有效提高其各项力学性能。镧提高SS400钢的力学性能,是其对钢净化钢液、变质夹杂、微合金化综合作用的结果。     

pH值对十二胺在碳钢表面的吸附行为及缓蚀机理的影响

采用电化学方法和扫描电镜技术, 研究了pH值对十二胺在碳钢表面的吸附以及对碳钢CO2腐蚀缓蚀机理的影响. 研究结果表明, 溶液的pH值对十二胺的吸附和缓蚀机理起决定性作用. 十二胺对碳钢的缓蚀作用随溶液pH值的增加而增强. pH值为4.9时, 十二胺主要抑制腐蚀的阴极过程. 缓蚀剂分子在金属表面上的吸附能比较低, 缓蚀剂容易发生脱附, 因此不能有效抑制腐蚀反应的进行. pH值为6.9时, 缓蚀剂的吸附能较高, 能够牢固地吸附在金属表面, 形成有效的扩散阻挡层, 同时抑制腐蚀的阴、阳极过程, 从而有效地抑制腐蚀反应的进行.     

黄铜-16Mn钢在氯化钠溶液中腐蚀电化学的分布行为

使用扫描微电极技术研究了黄铜-16Mn钢电偶体系在不同浓度氯化钠溶液中表面电位和电流的分布情况. 研究发现, 表面电位和电流分布随溶液浓度和与连接点的距离而变化. 溶液浓度越大, 两者分布就越均匀; 与连接点距离越近, 电位极化就越大, 电流密度也越大. 腐蚀形貌观测也支持了电位和电流分布的结果. 实验结果表明, 在低浓度的溶液中, 电偶腐蚀会集中在连接点周围,造成严重的局部腐蚀. 随着溶液浓度增大, 腐蚀分布变得均匀.     

盐湖地区暴露25个月的碳钢表面锈层分析

通过扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IRS)和电化学测试技术分析了碳钢在盐湖大气环境下暴露25个月后上下表面的锈层特征. 结果表明, 碳钢上下表面腐蚀量相似, 锈层中均富有Cl、Mg和Si等外来元素. 两个表面的腐蚀产物都主要由β-FeOOH、Fe8(O,OH)16Cl1.3和少量的γ-FeOOH组成, 最外部分的锈层中还检测到Fe3O4和δ-FeOOH. 电化学测试结果表明, 锈层对基体腐蚀具有抑制作用, 锈层保护性随暴露时间增加而增加.     

海洋微生物对316不锈钢的电化学腐蚀行为

采用自腐蚀电位、电化学极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱技术研究了316不锈钢在无菌培养基介质和海水微生物接种培养有菌培养基介质中不同周期的腐蚀行为．结果表明,316不锈钢电极在有菌介质中比在无菌介质中的腐蚀电流密度大,腐蚀电位负移,微生物加速了不锈钢的腐蚀速度．随着浸泡时间的增加,有菌介质中的不锈钢电极极化电阻值逐渐减小,表明了海洋微生物的附着和繁殖加速了316不锈钢的腐蚀速率,降低了其在海洋环境中的耐蚀性．