全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6440篇 |
免费 | 1324篇 |
国内免费 | 863篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3760篇 |
晶体学 | 89篇 |
力学 | 104篇 |
综合类 | 40篇 |
数学 | 58篇 |
物理学 | 4576篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 12篇 |
2023年 | 61篇 |
2022年 | 143篇 |
2021年 | 187篇 |
2020年 | 231篇 |
2019年 | 207篇 |
2018年 | 201篇 |
2017年 | 282篇 |
2016年 | 318篇 |
2015年 | 285篇 |
2014年 | 430篇 |
2013年 | 529篇 |
2012年 | 462篇 |
2011年 | 426篇 |
2010年 | 351篇 |
2009年 | 378篇 |
2008年 | 491篇 |
2007年 | 467篇 |
2006年 | 398篇 |
2005年 | 334篇 |
2004年 | 340篇 |
2003年 | 304篇 |
2002年 | 282篇 |
2001年 | 240篇 |
2000年 | 189篇 |
1999年 | 175篇 |
1998年 | 139篇 |
1997年 | 137篇 |
1996年 | 121篇 |
1995年 | 109篇 |
1994年 | 99篇 |
1993年 | 53篇 |
1992年 | 53篇 |
1991年 | 31篇 |
1990年 | 34篇 |
1989年 | 33篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有8627条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Jonathan J. Wierer Jeffrey Y. Tsao Dmitry S. Sizov 《Laser \u0026amp; Photonics Reviews》2013,7(6):963-993
Solid‐state lighting (SSL) is now the most efficient source of high color quality white light ever created. Nevertheless, the blue InGaN light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) that are the light engine of SSL still have significant performance limitations. Foremost among these is the decrease in efficiency at high input current densities widely known as “efficiency droop.” Efficiency droop limits input power densities, contrary to the desire to produce more photons per unit LED chip area and to make SSL more affordable. Pending a solution to efficiency droop, an alternative device could be a blue laser diode (LD). LDs, operated in stimulated emission, can have high efficiencies at much higher input power densities than LEDs can. In this article, LEDs and LDs for future SSL are explored by comparing: their current state‐of‐the‐art input‐power‐density‐dependent power‐conversion efficiencies; potential improvements both in their peak power‐conversion efficiencies and in the input power densities at which those efficiencies peak; and their economics for practical SSL. 相似文献
992.
We report for the first time on the thorough experimental and theoretical assessment of the noise limit of mechanical stress and temperature measurements with micro‐Raman spectroscopy. A comprehensive study has been performed in which, for different incident laser light intensities and acquisition times, 1000 Raman spectra of mono‐crystalline silicon were acquired per setting. Curve fitting was employed to obtain the peak positions of all the spectra, from which the standard deviations of the measured peak positions were obtained versus the total accumulated amount of laser light incident on the sample during one measurement. It has been found that the noise in the obtained peak position decreases as 1/sqrt(n) over more than three decades of the incident amount of laser light. At very low light conditions, the noise decreases as 1/n. By comparing the experimental results obtained to recent theoretical work, we show that the acquisition is limited by photon shot noise over most of the range and is limited by electronic detector noise at very low light conditions only. Pixelation errors do not play a role. It is concluded that the low electronic noise of typical Raman spectroscope detectors is overkill for the investigation of mechanical stress and temperature in silicon and other materials with comparable peaks, as it has absolutely no influence on the noise level of such an experiment. Maximum Raman signal intensity on the detector and high quantum efficiency detection are more important. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
基于散射模型设计外遮光罩 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对粗糙表面散射情况的分析发现,普通金属材料的表面散射能量主要集中在10°散射角内。针对这种现象,提出了基于该散射特性的光学系统外遮光罩设计方法,该遮光罩的杂散光抑制角比基于反射理论计算的大5°,具有良好的散射杂散光的抑制作用。最后以Ritchey-Chirtien(R-C)光学系统为例,为其设计了合适的遮光罩,并在TracePro软件中对比性地建模、分析。结果证明了该模型的正确性,且该遮光罩对抑制杂散光起到了很好的效果,点源透射比(PST)相对较低。 相似文献
994.
Supramolecular hydrogen bonded mesogens are formed between p-n-undecyloxy benzoic acid (11BAO) and p-n-alkyl benzoic acids (nBA, where n?=?2–8). The isolated mesogens are characterized by distinct techniques in order to appreciate the optical, thermal, electrical, and dielectric properties. The optical tilt angle measurement is studied for all the members of this homologous series and is found to concur with the mean field theory predicted value. An interesting factor to notice is the observation of optical shuttering action in nematic phase of the entire series which privilege these materials to be used as light modulators. Dielectric measurements were carried out and the dispersion curves were discussed in terms of relaxation frequency and activation energies. 相似文献
995.
Şaziye Ugˇur 《Phase Transitions》2013,86(7-8):593-606
In this study, a film formation process from surfactant-free polystyrene (PS) latex particles is reported. Steady state fluorescence (SSF) and photon transmission (UVV) techniques were used to study the evolution of film formation. The latex films were prepared from pyrene (P)-labeled PS particles at room temperature and annealed at time intervals of 2.5?min above the glass transition temperature (T g) of PS. During the annealing processes, the transparency of the film changed considerably. Fluorescence intensity (I 0P) from P was measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. Evolution of transparency of latex films were monitored by using photon transmission intensity, I tr. A drastic increase in I tr and I 0P above the critical annealing times, t r and t c were attributed, respectively to percolation behavior of PS material from one side to the other side of the latex film. Critical exponents, β of percolation clusters were measured and found to be around 0.35 and 0.25 for I tr and I 0P measurements, respectively. 相似文献
996.
Tsutomu Asano Takuro Furusho Mohammad Mahay Alam Yukihiro Tamba Chie Sawatari Md. Forhad Mina 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2013,52(4):774-788
Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) film was melt-crystallized in a temperature gradient. The iPP film showed well oriented α- and β-crystalline textures along the gradient. The crystalline structure, phase transition boundary and lamellar twisting were examined by X-ray diffraction and laser light diffraction (LLD). On the α-β boundary, LLD shows a sharp streak perpendicular to the boundary, where the a-axis of the β-crystal is oriented perpendicular to the temperature gradient. Apart from the boundary, the a-axis of the β-crystal becomes parallel to the gradient. The β-crystal shows lamellar twisting with a pitch of 200 μm at room temperature. When heated the β-crystal, the lamellar distance of 295Å at room temperature decreases to 285Å at 80–100°C and then increases to more than 300Å above 120°C. During the heating, the value of the twist period increases from 200 to 210 μm at 90–100°C, and then to above 224 μm at 140°C. The increase of the twist period is related to the increasing crystalline thickness of the β-lamellae. 相似文献
997.
Tangestaninejad S Moghadam M Mirkhani V Mohammadpoor-Baltork I Salavati H 《Ultrasonics sonochemistry》2008,15(5):815-822
Na5PV2Mo10O40 supported on nanoporous anatase TiO2 particles, TiO2–PVMo, was used as an efficient photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of different dyes by visible light using oxygen as oxidant. This catalyst showed a good catalytic activity in the sonocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic decomposition of different dyes in aqueous solutions. The TiO2–PVMo composite showed higher photocatalytic and sonocatalytic activity than pure polyoxometalate or pure TiO2. 相似文献
998.
J. -B. Liu X. -Y. Lü N. Liu P. Huang C. -L. Ding J. Li 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2008,63(4):479-484
Using the Schrödinger-Maxwell equations, we theoretically investigate the propagation properties of a transverse acoustic wave in a crystal of molecular magnets in the presence of two strong ac resonant magnetic fields and a weak acoustic wave. The acoustic wave can freely propagate in the magnetic molecule medium (under appropriate conditions) due to quantum interference. Furthermore, using the slowly varying envelope approximation, we discuss the propagation equation of the acoustic wave, which includes the high order nonlinear term. The results show that a crystal of molecular magnets can support the propagation of acoustic wave solitons via electromagnetically induced transparency. We also obtain the analytical expressions for the phase shift and absorption coefficient of the acoustic wave within certain parameters. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Wei-peng Li Yu-cheng Zhu Yan-jun Zhou Hong-wei Yang Cheng-jian Zhu 《Tetrahedron》2019,75(12):1647-1651
We developed a method to synthesize fluorinated 1,4-unsaturated dicarbonyl compounds via photoredox catalyzed radical addition process. Commercially available ethyl bromodifluoroacetate (BrCF2CO2Et) as fluoroalkyl source, the corresponding fluoro-containing dicarbonyl compounds could be obtained in moderate to good yields. 相似文献