Influence of gas law on ultrasonic behaviour of porous media under pressure

This paper deals with the influence of gas law on ultrasonic behaviour of porous media when the saturating fluid is high pressured. Previous works have demonstrated that ultrasonic transmission through a porous sample with variations of the static pressure (up to 18 bars) of the saturating fluid allows the characterization of high damping materials. In these studies, the perfect gas law was used to link static pressure and density, which is disputable for high pressures. This paper compares the effects of real and perfect gas laws on modeled transmission coefficient for porous foams at these pressures. Direct simulations and a mechanical parameters estimation from minimization show that results are very similar in both cases. The real gas law is thus not necessary to describe the acoustic behaviour of porous media at low ultrasonic frequencies (100 kHz) up to 20 bars.     

Modulation of protective immunity against herpes simplex virus via mucosal genetic co-transfer of DNA vaccine with ��2-adrenergic agonist

Cholera toxin, which has been frequently used as mucosal adjuvant, leads to an irreversible activation of adenylyl cyclase, thereby accumulating cAMP in target cells. Here, it was assumed that β₂-adrenergic agonist salbutamol may have modulatory functions of immunity induced by DNA vaccine, since β₂-adrenergic agonists induce a temporary cAMP accumulation. To test this assumption, the present study evaluated the modulatory functions of salbutamol co-administered with DNA vaccine expressing gB of herpes simplex virus (HSV) via intranasal (i.n.) route. We found that the i.n. co-administration of salbutamol enhanced gB-specific IgG and IgA responses in both systemic and mucosal tissues, but optimal dosages of co-administered salbutamol were required to induce maximal immune responses. Moreover, the mucosal co-delivery of salbutamol with HSV DNA vaccine induced T_h2-biased immunity against HSV antigen, as evidenced by IgG isotypes and T_h1/T_h2-type cytokine production. The enhanced immune responses caused by co-administration of salbutamol provided effective and rapid responses to HSV mucosal challenge, thereby conferring prolonged survival and reduced inflammation against viral infection. Therefore, these results suggest that salbutamol may be an attractive adjuvant for mucosal genetic transfer of DNA vaccine.     

LP narrowing: A new strategy for finding all solutions of nonlinear equations

An efficient algorithm is proposed for finding all solutions of systems of n nonlinear equations. This algorithm is based on interval analysis and a new strategy called LP narrowing. In the LP narrowing strategy, boxes (n-dimensional rectangles in the solution domain) containing no solution are excluded, and boxes containing solutions are narrowed so that no solution is lost by using linear programming techniques. Since the LP narrowing is very powerful, all solutions can be found very efficiently. By numerical examples, it is shown that the proposed algorithm could find all solutions of systems of 5000-50,000 nonlinear equations in practical computation time.     

A note on a generalized network flow model for manufacturing process

Manufacturing network flow （MNF） is a generalized network model that overcomes the limitation of an ordinary network flow in modeling more complicated manufacturing scenarios, in particular the synthesis of different materials into one product and/or the distilling of one type of material into many different products. Though a network simplex method for solving a simplified version of MNF has been outlined in the literature, more research work is still needed to give a complete answer whether some classical duality and optimality results of the classical network flow problem can be extended in MNF. In this paper, we propose an algorithmic method for obtaining an initial basic feasible solution to start the existing network simplex algorithm, and present a network-based approach to checking the dual feasibility conditions. These results are an extension of those of the ordinary network flow problem.     

A REACTIVE DYNAMIC CONTINUUM USER EQUILIBRIUM MODEL FOR BI-DIRECTIONAL PEDESTRIAN FLOWS

In this paper, a reactive dynamic user equilibrium model is extended to simulate two groups of pedestrians traveling on crossing paths in a continuous walking facility. Each group makes path choices to minimize the travel cost to its destination in a reactive manner based on instantaneous information. The model consists of a conservation law equation coupled with an Eikonal-type equation for each group. The velocity-density relationship of pedestrian movement is obtained via an experimental method. The model is solved using a finite volume method for the conservation law equation and a fast-marching method for the Eikonal-type equation on unstructured grids. The numerical results verify the rationality of the model and the validity of the numerical method. Based on this continuum model, a number of results, e.g., the formation of strips or moving clusters composed of pedestrians walking to the same destination, are also observed.     

隐非齐次马尔可夫模型的强大数定律

在状态集都有限的情况下,给出了隐马尔可夫模型的一些性质定理．利用马氏链的强极限定理,得到了隐非齐次马尔可夫模型的强大数定律．     

A limiting distribution for the number of cuts needed to isolate the root of a random recursive tree

Let X_n be the number of cuts needed to isolate the root in a random recursive tree with n vertices. We provide a weak convergence result for X_n. The basic observation for its proof is that the probability distributions of are recursively defined by , where D_n is a discrete random variable with ? , which is independent of . This distributional recursion was not studied previously in the sense of weak convergence. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2009     

Extremes of Shepp statistics for Gaussian random walk

Let (ξ _i , i ≥ 1) be a sequence of independent standard normal random variables and let be the corresponding random walk. We study the renormalized Shepp statistic and determine asymptotic expressions for when u,N and T→ ∞ in a synchronized way. There are three types of relations between u and N that give different asymptotic behavior. For these three cases we establish the limiting Gumbel distribution of when T,N→ ∞ and present corresponding normalization sequences.      

Laws of the iterated logarithm for locally square integrable martingales

Three types of laws of the iterated logarithm （LIL） for locally square integrable martingales with continuous parameter are considered by a discretization approach. By this approach, a lower bound of LIL and a number of FLIL are obtained, and Chung LIL is extended.     

A Berry--Esseen theorem for weakly negatively dependent random variables and its applications

Summary We provide uniform rates of convergence in the central limit theorem for linear negative quadrant dependent (LNQD) random variables. Let <InlineEquation ID=IE"1"><EquationSource Format="TEX"><![CDATA[<InlineEquation ID=IE"2"><EquationSource Format="TEX"><![CDATA[<InlineEquation ID=IE"3"><EquationSource Format="TEX"><![CDATA[<InlineEquation ID=IE"4"><EquationSource Format="TEX"><![CDATA[<InlineEquation ID=IE"5"><EquationSource Format="TEX"><![CDATA[<InlineEquation ID=IE"6"><EquationSource Format="TEX"><![CDATA[$]]></EquationSource></InlineEquation>]]></EquationSource></InlineEquation>]]></EquationSource></InlineEquation>]]></EquationSource></InlineEquation>]]></EquationSource></InlineEquation>]]></EquationSource></InlineEquation>\{X_{n},\allowbreak n\ge1\}$ be a LNQD sequence of random variables with $EX_{n}=0$, set $S_{n}=\sum_{j=1}^{n}X_{j}$ and $B_{n}^{2}=\Var\, (S_{n})$. We show that \begin{gather*} \sup_{x} \left|P\left(\frac{S_{n}}{B_{n}}<x\right)-\Phi(x)\right|= O\bigg(n^{-\delta/(2+3\delta)}\vee \frac{n^{3\delta^{2}/(4+6\delta)}}{B^{2+\delta}_{n}} \sum_{i=1}^{n} E{|X_{i}|}^{2+\delta}\bigg) \end{gather*} under finite $(2+\delta)$th moment and a power decay rate of covariances. Moreover, by the truncation method, we obtain a Berry--Esseen type estimate for negatively associated (NA) random variables with only finite second moment. As applications, we obtain another convergence rate result in the central limit theorem and precise asymptotics in the law of the iterated logarithm for NA sequences, and also for LNQD sequences.