Short‐wavelength infrared defect emission as a probe of degradation processes in 980 nm single‐mode diode lasers

Infrared emission from 980‐nm single‐mode high power diode lasers is recorded and analyzed in the wavelength range from 0.8 to 8.0 μm. A pronounced short‐wavelength infrared (SWIR) emission band with a maximum at 1.3 μm originates from defect states located in the waveguide of the devices. The SWIR intensity is a measure of the non‐equilibrium carrier concentration in the waveguide, allowing for a non‐destructive waveguide mapping in spatially resolved detection schemes. The potential of this approach is demonstrated by measuring spatially resolved profiles of SWIR emission and correlating them with mid‐wavelength infrared (MWIR) thermal emission along the cavity of devices undergoing repeated catastrophic optical damage. The enhancement of SWIR emission in the damaged parts of the cavity is due to a locally enhanced carrier density in the waveguide and allows for an analysis of the spatial damage patterns. The figure shows a side view of a diode laser during catastrophic degradation as recorded by a thermocamera within 5 successive current pulses. The geometry of the device is given in grayscale. The position of the laser chip is indicated by the dotted line. The thermal signatures of the internal degradation of the diode laser are overlaid in color. The bi‐directional spread of the damage along the laser cavity is clearly visible.     

Using Short Wave Visible–Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy to Predict Soil Properties and Content

In this study, short wave visible–near infrared reflectance spectroscopy was evaluated for prediction of diverse soil properties related to four different soil series of several regions in Jiangxi, China. A total of 240 soil samples were collected for the calibration (n = 168) and prediction (n = 72) sets. The used wavelength range of short wave visible–near infrared reflectance spectroscopy is 325–1075 nm. Partial least squares regression and back propagation neural network were used to develop models for soil properties such as organic matter and extractable forms of calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Performance of these models was also compared and analyzed. The input of back propagation neural network was the first six principal components resulted from the principal component analysis and the optimal number of latent variables obtained from partial least squares regression. The overall results showed that the performance of partial least squares regression model was inferior to all back propagation neural network models. The best prediction was obtained with latent variables as input of back propagation neural network model for organic matter (determination coefficient = 0.84 and relative predictive determinant = 2.38), which was classified as very good model predictions. The prediction of calcium, magnesium, and potassium was classified as fair (determination coefficient = 0.56–0.68 and relative predictive determinant = 1.51–1.61), where quantitative predictions were considered possible. It is recommended to adopt latent variables as input for back propagation neural network model predicting soil properties with short wave visible–near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. In conclusion, short wave visible–near infrared reflectance spectroscopy was variably successful in estimating soil properties and showed potential for substituting laboratory analyses.     

TiO_2/Sm~(3+)下转换薄膜的制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/Sm3+下转换薄膜,利用其下转换特性将紫外光转换为可见光,提高了可见光光照强度。利用X射线衍射和荧光光谱对TiO2/Sm3+粉体进行了表征,并对TiO2/Sm3+下转换薄膜进行了荧光光谱测试和紫外-可见分光光度计测试。荧光光谱显示,TiO2/Sm3+薄膜在受到395 nm紫外光照射时可发射出540~600 nm连续波长的可见光,具有下转换特性。二层TiO2/Sm3+下转换薄膜的可见光透过率与单纯的TiO2薄膜基本相同,利用其下转换特性使电池短路电流提高了13.2%,光电转换率提高了16.2%。     

超宽谱短电磁脉冲电场标准装置溯源及不确定度评定

针对高功率超宽谱短电磁脉冲(UWB-SP)电场标准装置的可溯源性和不确定度进行了研究,完成了UWB-SP电场标准的溯源和不确定度评定。分析了向脉冲参数标准、S参数标准、长度标准等参量标准溯源的可行性,实现了通过间接量的溯源得到标准装置的不间断溯源链。研究建立了标准装置的电场不确定度评估模型,针对脉冲源输出电压不确定度、脉冲传输不确定度、标准装置机械工艺及装配不确定度等不确定度分量进行了评定,并对各不确定度分量进行了合成,得到了标准电场的合成扩展不确定度为8.4%。     

分级型放射肋短壳结构集中力扩散优化设计

在航天箭体结构设计中,燃料贮箱因其特殊的连接形式往往受较大的集中力作用。传统的放射肋短壳结构被用来扩散集中力以减小其造成的危害,但实际效果并不理想。本文基于拓扑优化的概念设计,综合实际短壳结构承载环境和可制造性,提出了一种"分级型放射肋"贮箱短壳结构。围绕刚度、强度、减重、稳定性和集中力扩散效果等多种需求,基于NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法建立了多目标优化问题模型。通过形状和尺寸的协同优化策略,得到多目标优化的最优Pareto解集。通过三层级、两层级、单一层级最优设计与传统均匀放射肋设计的对比,验证了分级型放射肋设计的优势和效果;之后,结合实际工程要求选择合理的设计方案。     

Conservation laws of the complex short pulse equation and coupled complex short pulse equations

In this paper, the complex short pulse equation and the coupled complex short pulse equations that can describe the ultra-short pulse propagation in optical fibers are investigated. The two complex nonlinear models are turned into multi-component real models by proper transformations. Lie symmetries are obtained via the classical Lie group method, and the results for the coupled complex short pulse equations contain the existing results as particular cases. Based on the linearizing operator and adjoint linearizing operator for the two real systems, adjoint symmetries can be obtained. Explicit conservation laws are constructed using the symmetry/adjoint symmetry pair (SA) method. Relationships between the nonlinear self-adjointness method and the SA method are investigated.     

百瓦级高亮度光纤耦合半导体激光模块的研制

用3只976 nm半导体激光短列阵作为子模块,研制出连续工作的百瓦级高亮度光纤耦合模块。首先,利用光束转换器将每个半导体激光短列阵进行光束整形;然后采用空间复用技术将3个半导体激光短列阵在光参数积小的方向上叠加,并利用倒置伽利略望远镜作为扩束器进一步压缩发散角;最后利用优化结构的透镜组将激光聚焦到芯径200 μm,数值孔径为0.22的光纤中。测量结果显示:聚焦后激光的发散角为24.8°,焦平面的光斑尺寸为175.2 μm;耦合后测量光纤出光功率可达107 W,对应亮度为2.23 MW/(cm²·sr),达到了国内利用列阵进行光纤耦合的领先水平;在工作电流为52.5 A时,电光转换效率为43.1%,远高于全固态等激光器;最后测量本模块在不同驱动电流时的光谱,并以此计算出模块的热阻为1.29 K/W,说明它的散热性能良好。结果表明,本光纤耦合模块适合应用于泵浦光纤激光器、医疗和激光加工等领域。     

高重复频率脉冲功率技术及其应用:（1） 概述

从实际应用的角度出发,概括性地描述了高重复频率脉冲功率的主要技术特点,如工作次数多、脉冲间隔时间短和平均输出功率高等。通过介绍高平均功率准分子激光、常压脉冲气体放电、感应式回旋加速器等有代表性应用实例,论述了高重复频率脉冲功率技术的学术意义。高重复频率脉冲功率技术将进一步完善脉冲压缩理论和电路设计方法,从而在短脉冲和波形控制等方面取得进展,同时高重复频率脉冲功率发生器将进一步趋向多样化和极限化。高重复频率脉冲功率技术的发展与脉冲功率器件性能的持续提高之间相互促进,会不断将高重复频率脉冲功率技术的成果带向工业生产和日常生活。     

重复频率脉冲功率技术及其应用:（2）电路学方法与电磁学原理

以电磁学的基础概念为出发点,系统性地阐述了脉冲功率产生过程的基本原理。采用统一的理论模型,描述了电磁能量的储存、传输和释放过程的物理规律。从特征阻抗的角度论述了储能器件、传输器件及开关等脉冲功率系统核心元素之间的区别与联系。在此基础上,解说了几种典型脉冲功率发生器的电路方法及其工作原理,它们包括脉冲形成线法、脉冲压缩法和场通量压缩法。     

Thermal stability of cluster structure in Bi x Sn1− x molten alloys in vicinity of eutectic point

Structure of liquid Bi _x Sn_{1? x} molten alloys has been studies in the vicinity of eutectic point at temperatures of complete melting and above by 100?K. It is shown that the structure parameter concentration dependences reveal the deviation from linear function with extremum points at eutectic composition. Such features exist also at higher temperatures. The reason of untypical behaviour of structure parameters is supposed to be attributed to the existence of two kinds of clusters with Sn‐ and Bi‐like structures.