非线性粘弹性方柱的有限剪切

利用有限线性粘弹性的一种简化形式，研究了方柱的有限剪切，并采用丁苯橡胶的有关实验数据，进行了数值计算，考究了材料的非线性特征。     

数字闭环光纤陀螺死区机理分析

结合工程实际，对基于集成光学多功能芯片的数字闭环光纤陀螺中的死区机理进行理论分析，并进行了实验验证。相位调制器的模拟驱动电压信号在数字反馈阶梯波复位作用下能产生不同的工作模式，探测器的输出微弱信号因此受到幅值和相位均不同的电子串扰。以方波调制和四态波调制为例，研究了光纤陀螺中电子串扰的作用方式、电子串扰的转换方式和形成死区的过程等问题。在上述基础上，根据需要设计了专门的可编程的光纤陀螺高速数据采集电路，对死区机理进行了研究试验。最后还从优化陀螺电路印制板设计和优化信号调制解调算法等方面进行阐述，以解决数字闭环光纤陀螺死区问题。     

数字剪切散斑相关条纹图的形成及其分析

本文提出了用线性相关计算形成高可见度的数字剪切散斑相关条纹图的方法，为相关条纹图的自动分析奠定了良好的基础。文中还推导了附加位相与物光反射镜转角的关系，使精确地计算附加位相成为可能。同时还介绍了任意附加位相的三步相移技术。最后给出了用线性相关计算法形成的相关条纹图及计算出的位相图。     

岩土介质中局部化变形研究的一些新进展

岩土中的剪切带产生通常是断裂和失稳的前兆, 常引起滑坡等地 质灾害, 对油气或水合物等矿藏的开采容易导致压实带形成. 压实带的产生使岩土孔隙减小, 颗粒破碎, 从而导致沉陷、对油气的挤压等.本文重点对剪切带的宽度和压实带的研究现状作综述, 阐述在该问题的研究上从微观 观测到宏观表述的重要性. 通过分析, 认为还有如下问题值得研究: 怎样 准确得出局部化变形带的宽度和方向?局部化变形带形成后孔隙水和油气的渗流会发生什么 变化?颗粒层次的微结构特性是通过什么方式影响宏观表现的等等.     

区域密度滤波及其在数字散斑条纹处理中的应用

利用统计学原理对数字错位散斑条纹的形成进行了系统分析，并针对散斑条纹图所特有颗粒性强的特点，提出一种新的空域滤波方法－区域密度滤波。该方法能更有效地抑制散斑图中的高频噪声，也使条纹图更平滑，并且细节得到了最大程度的保存，避免了有些空域滤波法因误差积累而导致条纹移动的问题，进一步保证了相移技术和神经网络系统的计算精度。     

On evolution of thermo-plastic shear band

The present paper briefly reviews analytical studies of the evolution of thermoplastic shear band, i.e. emergence from uniform deformation, post-instability growth and late stage behaviour. The case studied is the simple shear of temperature and rate-dependent materials with heat transfer. Uniform mode exists before a critical state, if no heat flows out of testpiece. Upon reaching the critical state, bifurcation appears as a result of disturbances, which leads to instability and the formation of narrow shear band. Initially, the band, due to temperature disturbance, can shrink with increasing temperature and strain rate owing to unsteady flow. Then heat conduction dominates and causes the shear band to expand. The postmortem appearance of thermo-plastic shear band manifests itself as balance of plastic work rate and heat diffusion. Melting may also take place within the band.     

The rheology of polymeric liquid crystals

The molecular theory of Doi has been used as a framework to characterize the rheological behavior of polymeric liquid crystals at the low deformation rates for which it was derived, and an appropriate extension for high deformation rates is presented. The essential physics behind the Doi formulation has, however, been retained in its entirety. The resulting four-parameter equation enables prediction of the shearing behavior at low and high deformation rates, of the stress in extensional flows, of the isotropic-anisotropic phase transition and of the molecular orientation. Extensional data over nearly three decades of elongation rate (10^–2–10¹) and shearing data over six decades of shear rate (10^–2–10⁴) have been correlated using this analysis. Experimental data are presented for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous shearing stress fields. For the latter, a 20-fold range of capillary tube diameters has been employed and no effects of system geometry or the inhomogeneity of the flow-field are observed. Such an independence of the rheological properties from these effects does not occur for low molecular weight liquid crystals and this is, perhaps, the first time this has been reported for polymeric lyotropic liquid crystals; the physical basis for this major difference is discussed briefly. A Semi-empirical constant in eq. (18), N/m² - c rod concentration, rods/m³ - c ^* critical rod concentration at which the isotropic phase becomes unstable, rods/m³ - C interaction potential in the Doi theory defined in eq. (3) - d rod diameter, m - D semi-empirical constant in eq. (19), s^–1 - D _r lumped rotational diffusivity defined in eq. (4), s^–1 - rotational diffusivity of rods in a concentrated (liquid crystalline) system, s^–1 - D _ro rotational diffusivity of a dilute solution of rods, s^–1 - f distribution function defining rod orientation - F tensorial term in the Doi theory defined in eq. (7) (or eq. (19)), s^–1 - G tensorial term in the Doi theory defined in eq. (8) - K _B Boltzmann constant, 1.38 × 10^–23 J/K-molecule - L rod length, m - S scalar order parameter - S tensor order parameter defined in eq. (5) - t time, s - T absolute temperature, K - u unit vector describing the orientation of an individual rod - rate of change ofu due to macroscopic flow, s^–1 - v fluid velocity vector, m/s - v velocity gradient tensor defined in eq. (9), s^–1 - V mean field (aligning) potential defined in eq. (2) - x coordinate direction, m - Kronecker delta (= 0 if = 1 if = ) - _r ratio of viscosity of suspension to that of the solvent at the same shear stress - _s solvent viscosity, Pa · s - ^* viscosity at the critical concentrationc ^*, Pa · s - v ₁, v₂ numerical factors in eqs. (3) and (4), respectively - deviatoric stress tensor, N/m² - volume fraction of rods - ⁰ constant in eq. (16) - ^* volume fraction of rods at the critical concentrationc ^* - average over the distribution functionf(u, t) (= d ²u f(u, t)) - gradient operator - d ²u integral over the surface of the sphere (|u| = 1)     

Grain-scale processes governing shear band initiation and evolution in sands

A variety of experimental techniques have been used to advance understanding of strain localization phenomena in sands. However, all of these methods have fallen short in characterizing the evolution of the grain-scale processes that necessarily control shear band formation and growth in sands. This paper presents results of application of the non-destructive displacement measurement technique of digital image correlation (DIC) to measure two- and three-dimensional surface displacements on plane strain and axisymmetric sand specimens over short time steps. The abundance of local displacement data, high level of accuracy, and nearly continuous (spatially and temporally) record of displacement evolution afforded by the DIC technique has finally enabled a means to quantify local displacements to particulate-scale intensity. The data have been used to evaluate the local displacement mechanisms leading to the triggering of the formation of persistent shear bands, the timing of shear band formation with regard to the achievement of peak stress, and the character of displacements within fully formed shear bands. Insights are offered regarding the relation between strain localization and global stress-strain behavior, and the ensuing interpretations of shear banding as a hardening or softening phenomenon. Comparison of behavior between plane strain and triaxial tests offer additional perspective on the influences of three-dimensional stresses and boundary conditions on shear banding. The results further shed light on the micro-deformation mechanisms (i.e. buckling columns) responsible for the observed local strain non-uniformities that characterize “steady-state” shear band evolution.     

动力应变局部化传播及尺寸效应数值模拟

采用 FLAC-3 D模拟了应变软化岩土材料局部化剪切带的发展、扩容对剪切带倾角的影响及试件的宽度效应。随着加载时步的增加 ,彼此孤立的两个应变场逐渐靠近、叠加 ,最终形成了剪切带网络。无论端面约束强或弱 ,剪切带的倾角的数值模拟结果都与罗斯科倾角比较接近。增加试样宽度 ,剪切带的宽度增加 ,剪切带变得不平直 ;宽度越大 ,岩样上端面中点的压应力 -加载时步曲线的峰值强度越大 ,宽度对弹性阶段没有大的影响     

高速切削锯齿形切屑内绝热剪切带微观特征研究

使用光学显微镜、显微硬度计、X射线衍射、SEM、TEM等方法对高速切削30CrNi3MoV高强度钢锯齿形切屑中第一和第二变形区内形成绝热剪切带和白层进行了观察和研究。结果表明,形成了两种形式的绝热剪切带,即低速下形成的形变带和高速下形成的转变带。转变带内的硬度高于形变带和切屑基体。X射线衍射表明白层内发生了马氏体相变。TEM观察发现,形变带内为经历了大塑性变形的回火马氏体组织。转变带是由尺寸为50～100 nm的等轴晶组成,绝热剪切带形成过程中发生了动态再结晶。