基于BiOCl-Fe2O3@TiO2介孔复合材料的光电化学合成氨性能研究

传统合成氨工艺存在能耗高、污染严重的问题. 因此, 高效、低能耗绿色合成氨工艺的开发迫在眉睫. 光电化学以H₂O和N₂为原料, 可以在太阳光驱动下, 在常温常压条件下实现氨的合成, 因而受到广泛重视. 但总的来说, 效率和产率都达不到实际要求. 新型高效催化剂及工艺的开发是提高合成氨产率及效率的关键. 非贵金属催化剂具备成本低、来源广泛、可操作性强的优势, 有利于光电化学合成氨的产业化. 本实验采用溶胶凝胶结合原位热裂解的方法制备了分散性好、结构均匀的BiOCl-Fe₂O₃@TiO₂复合材料, 对其物相、微观结构、表面状态、光学性能、电学性能等方面进行了系统表征, 并探究了该材料在常温常压下光电化学合成氨的催化活性. 结果表明, 同纯介孔TiO₂相比_, BiOCl-Fe₂O₃@TiO₂的吸收带隙变窄, 可见光吸收能力增强, 光生载流子的利用率增加, 光电合成氨的产率提升了7倍, 且BiOCl-Fe₂O₃@TiO₂显示了优异的化学稳定性. 本研究工作为绿色合成氨催化材料及工艺设计提供了新思路.     

Enhanced Static Modulated Fourier Transform Spectrometer for Fast Approximation in Field Application

We discuss the data sampling frequency, the spectral resolution, and the limit for non-aliasing in the static modulated Fourier transform spectrometer based on a modified Sagnac interferometer. The measurement was performed in a very short 4 ms, which is applicable for real time field operation. The improved spectrometer characteristics were used to investigate the spectral properties of an InGaAs light emitting diode. In addition, The measured spectral peak was shifted from 6420 cm⁻¹ to 6365 cm⁻¹, as the temperature increased from 25 °C to 40 °C, when the operating current is fixed to be 0.55 A. As the applied current increased from 0.30 A to 0.55 A at room temperature, the spectral width was broadened from 316 cm⁻¹ to 384 cm⁻¹. Compared to the conventional Fourier transform spectrometer, the measured spectral width by the static modulated Fourier transform spectrometer showed a deviation less than 10%, and the spectral peak shift according to the temperature rise showed a difference within 2%.     

拓展光催化材料光谱响应的研究进展

光催化技术在解决能源短缺和环境污染问题方面有重要的应用前景,引起了人们的广泛关注。宽光谱响应和高量子效率是实现光催化材料大规模应用的前提。本文介绍了近年来紫外、可见和近红外光催化方面的最新进展,阐述了拓展光响应范围和促进载流子分离的有效途径,总结了光催化材料发展所面临的问题,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

Influence of MgO on structure and optical properties of alumino-lithium-phosphate glasses

MgO doped lithium alumino phosphate glasses (PLA: P₂O₅+Li₂O+Al₂O₃+MgO) were prepared by melt quenching technique. Raman spectra display three significant peaks at 698, 1164 and 1383 cm⁻¹ attributed to: symmetric stretching vibrations of the bridging oxygen (BO) in the P–O–P chains, symmetric stretching vibrations of the PO₂ groups, and the asymmetric vibrations vas(PO₂) of the non-bridging oxygen (NBO) atoms, respectively. Also, the density, molar volumes and ion concentration have been discussed and correlated with the structural changes within the glassy matrix. Some optical constants such as refractive index and dispersion parameters (E_o: single-oscillator energy and E_d: dispersive energy) of the glasses were determined. Finally, the values of the optical band gap for direct and indirect allowed transitions have been determined from the absorption edge studies. It is deduced that the values of E_opt increase with increasing MgO content. It was assigned to structural changes induced from the formation of non-bridging oxygen. The Urbach energy (ΔE) was found to decrease from 0.578 to 0.339 eV with increasing MgO content from 0.5 to 2 mol.     

Interface formation of Al2O3 on n‐GaN(0001): Photoelectron spectroscopy studies

Al₂O₃ insulator layers were deposited step by step by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method onto gallium nitride in the wurtzite form, n‐type and (0001)‐oriented. The substrate surface and the early stages of Al₂O₃/n‐GaN(0001) interface formation were characterized in situ under ultra‐high vacuum conditions by X‐ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, UPS). The electron affinity (EA) of the substrate cleaned by annealing was 3.6 eV. Binding energies of the Al 2p (76.0 eV) and the O 1s (532.9 eV) confirmed the creation of the Al₂O₃ compound in the deposited film for which the EA was 1.6 eV. The Al₂O₃ film was found to be amorphous with a bandgap of 6.9 eV determined from the O 1s loss feature. As a result, the calculated Al₂O₃/n‐GaN(0001) valence band offset (VBO) is ?1.3 eV and the corresponding conduction band offset (CBO) 2.2 eV.     

高压下锐钛矿TiO2的电阻率及能带结构的研究

应用在位电阻率测量方法研究高压下锐钛矿TiO2的电学性质. 通过研究电阻率随压力变化的异常变化点, 观察到了TiO2从锐钛矿-柯铁矿-斜锆石的相变. 卸压后,电阻率和初始值相差2个数量级, 说明该相变为不可逆相变. 结合第一性原理计算结果表明, 柯铁矿结构更小的带隙是导致TiO2电阻率减小的根本原因.     

石墨烯能带中的重叠矩阵效应:Tight-Binding方法在模拟中的研究

采用紧束缚方法计算了石墨烯的价带(π)和导带(π*),考虑了非正交基矢下重叠矩阵效应,重叠积分参量s越小,导带越靠近费米面,而价带越远离费米面.在重叠积分参量s≤0.1时,基本保持了原子在实际空间中重叠所引起的能带的改变,太大(s=0.4)则会导致物理上失效.计算了石墨烯的能态密度,在费米面ε=0处(对应Dirac点)的能态密度为零,并且在Dirac点附近呈线性变化.     

含各向异性左手材料的一维Thue-Mores准周期结构的反射带隙

采用传输矩阵法,研究了由各向同性右手材料和各向异性左手材料组成的Thue-Morse准周期结构的反射带隙,分析了入射角、偏振和晶格比例缩放因子对反射带隙的影响.结果表明该结构存在一个全方向反射带隙,该带隙的宽度由TE模的低频带边缘和TM模的高频带边缘决定.当在该结构中插入一层缺陷时,在全方向带隙中出现一条缺陷模.对TE模,缺陷模的位置受入射角的影响很弱,而对TM模,缺陷模的位置随入射角的增大,向高频方向移动.     

双原子正方晶格光子晶体边界模式的光传输特性

利用平面波展开法,发现双原子正方晶格光子晶体中ΓM方向边界面存在着快慢两类边界模式,并且通过计算色散关系和电场分布研究了边界参量对这两类边界模式传输特性的影响.依据两种模式的色散关系,计算了群指数和群速度色散参量,结果表明边界参量的变化对第一类边界模式传输特性的影响较小,该模式的平均群指数始终维持在5.0左右;第二类边界模式与第一类模式明显不同,边界参量的变化能够有效地影响到这种模式的传输特性,该模式的最大平均群指数可达178左右.利用时域有限差分法记录了不同时刻电场强度在边界附近的分布及监测点处的电场幅度变化情况,结果表明,两类模式都能够被限制在边界附近并向前传播,时域有限差分法得到的群速度与平面波展开法的结果完全吻合.