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41.
设计了一套照明CAD软件用于实现对光学仪器中照明光路照度分布模拟.对该照明CAD系统的光线追迹与光照度计算方法进行了理论探讨,其中在光照度计算方法中引入了线性同余组合发生器,大大提高了模拟的真实性.运用该软件对实际照明光路进行了分析,分析结果表明该软件获得了需要的照度分布模拟图,能较好地满足用户要求. 相似文献
42.
Nils M. Bezares-Roder Hemwati Nandan Heinz Dehnen 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2007,46(10):2429-2436
The exact static and spherically symmetric solutions of the vacuum field equations for a Higgs Scalar-Tensor theory (HSTT)
are derived in Schwarzschild coordinates. It is shown that in general there exists no Schwarzschild horizon and that the fields
are only singular (as naked singularity) at the center (i.e. for the case of a point-particle). However, the Schwarzschild
solution as in usual general relativity (GR) is obtained for the vanishing limit of Higgs field excitations. 相似文献
43.
Optical model, scalar or vectorial one, describing behaviour of an optical field within a diode-laser cavity, is one of the
most important parts of modelling of a diode-laser operation. As compared to more accurate vectorial optical approaches, scalar
ones are known to be less exact but simultaneously they need much less computation time. Besides, they have been sometimes
found to be surprisingly exact even beyond their confirmed range of validity. Therefore, in this paper, real validity limits
of their application have been determined by comparing their simplified results with more exact results obtained with the
aid of vectorial models. The analysis comprises a comparison of an application of the most popular scalar approach to optical
properties of diode lasers, i.e., the effective index method, and the vectorial method of lines for the standard 1.3-μm GaAs-based
stripe-geometry diode laser. The scalar model has been found to be quite exact in the case of a determination of the effective
refractive index, i.e., the wavelength of emitted radiation, whereas its exactness in the lasing threshold analysis is much
worse, especially in the case of higher-order modes. Our analysis is concluded with a determination of the regions where both
models give satisfactorily close results. 相似文献
44.
We present a systematic way to compute the scaling exponents of the structure functions of the Kraichnan model of turbulent
advection in a series of powers of ξ, adimensional coupling constant measuring the degree of roughness of the advecting velocity
field. We also investigate the relation between standard and renormalization group improved perturbation theory. The aim is
to shed light on the relation between renormalization group methods and the statistical conservation laws of the Kraichnan
model, also known as zero modes. 相似文献
45.
Following recent fit of supernovae data to Brans‐Dicke theory which favours the model with o = ‐ 3/2 [1] we discuss the status of this special case of Brans‐Dicke cosmology in both isotropic and anisotropic framework. It emerges that the limit o = ‐3/2 is consistent only with the vacuum field equations and it makes such a Brans‐Dicke theory conformally invariant. Then it is an example of the conformal relativity theory which allows the invariance with respect to conformal transformations of the metric. Besides, Brans‐Dicke theory with o = ‐3/2 gives a border between a standard scalar field model and a ghost/phantom model. In this paper we show that in o = ‐3/2 Brans‐Dicke theory, i.e., in the conformal relativity there are no isotropic Friedmann solutions of non‐zero spatial curvature except for k=‐1 case. Further we show that this k=‐1 case, after the conformal transformation into the Einstein frame, is just the Milne universe and, as such, it is equivalent to Minkowski spacetime. It generally means that only flat models are fully consistent with the field equations. On the other hand, it is shown explicitly that the anisotropic non‐zero spatial curvature models of Kantowski‐Sachs type are admissible in o = ‐3/2 Brans‐Dicke theory. It then seems that an additional scale factor which appears in anisotropic models gives an extra deegre of freedom and makes it less restrictive than in an isotropic Friedmann case. 相似文献
46.
47.
A. Ya. Silenko 《Theoretical and Mathematical Physics》2008,156(3):1308-1318
We successively apply the generalized Case-Foldy-Feshbach-Villars (CFFV) and the Foldy-Wouthuysen (FW) transformation to derive
the Hamiltonian for relativistic scalar particles in an electromagnetic field. In contrast to the original transformation,
the generalized CFFV transformation contains an arbitrary parameter and can be performed for massless particles, which allows
solving the problem of massless particles in an electromagnetic field. We show that the form of the Hamiltonian in the FW
representation is independent of the arbitrarily chosen parameter. Compared with the classical Hamiltonian for point particles,
this Hamiltonian contains quantum terms characterizing the quadrupole coupling of moving particles to the electric field and
the electric and mixed polarizabilities. We obtain the quantum mechanical and semiclassical equations of motion of massive
and massless particles in an electromagnetic field.
__________
Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 156, No. 3, pp. 398–411, September, 2008. 相似文献
48.
S. E. Kholodova 《Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics》2008,48(5):834-849
A system of nonlinear partial differential equations is considered that models perturbations in a layer of an ideal electrically conducting rotating fluid bounded by spatially and temporally varying surfaces with allowance for inertial forces. The system is reduced to a scalar equation. The solvability of initial boundary value problems arising in the theory of waves in conducting rotating fluids can be established by analyzing this equation. Solutions to the scalar equation are constructed that describe small-amplitude wave propagation in an infinite horizontal layer and a long narrow channel. 相似文献
49.
50.
Jeffrey R. Chasnov 《Applied Scientific Research》1993,51(1-2):313-317
We consider the generation of passive scalar fluctuations by decaying isotropic turbulence in the presence of a uniform mean scalar gradient. At high Reynolds numbers, two distinct similarity states may be established depending on the form of the energy spectrum at low wavenumber magnitude (k). In the first similarity state characterized by a low wavenumber magnitude energy spectrum proportional tok
2, the mean-square scalar fluctuation grows liket
4/5, while in the second similarity state characterized by a spectrum proportional tok
4, the mean-square scalar fluctuation grows approximately liket
4/7. These two high Reynolds number asymptotic similarity states have been subsequently confirmed by large-eddy numerical simulations. As a consequence of the decreasing flow Reynolds number as the turbulence decays, these similarity states do not continue indefinitely. At very long times, a final period of decay of the turbulence occurs, and in this final period, the mean-square scalar fluctuation in the first state continues to grow liket
1/2, while that in the second state ultimately decays liket
–1/2. 相似文献