A numerical study of heat island flows: Stationary solutions

We present two‐dimensional numerical simulations of a natural convection problem in an unbounded domain. The flow circulation is induced by a heat island located on the ground and thermal stratification is applied in the vertical direction. The main effect of this stably stratified environment is to induce the propagation of thermal perturbations in the horizontal direction far from the local thermal source. Numerical stationary solutions at Ra?10⁵ are computed in large elongated computational domains: convergence with respect to the domain sizes is investigated at different resolutions. On fine grids, with mesh size , a thermal sponge layer is added at the vertical boundaries: this local damping technique improves the convergence with respect to the domain length. Boussinesq equations are discretized with a second‐order finite volume scheme on a staggered grid combined with a second‐order projection method for the time integration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Oblique multiwavelets in Hilbert spaces

In this paper, we elucidate the relationship between two consecutive levels of a multiresolution in the general setting of a Hilbert space. We first prove a result on an extendability problem and then derive, as a consequence, characterizations of oblique multiwavelets in a Hilbert space.

     

Quadratic integral games and causal synthesis

The game problem for an input-output system governed by a Volterra integral equation with respect to a quadratic performance functional is an untouched open problem. In this paper, it is studied by a new approach called projection causality. The main result is the causal synthesis which provides a causal feedback implementation of the optimal strategies in the saddle point sense. The linear feedback operator is determined by the solution of a Fredholm integral operator equation, which is independent of data functions and control functions. Two application examples are included. The first one is quadratic differential games of a linear system with arbitrary finite delays in the state variable and control variables. The second is the standard linear-quadratic differential games, for which it is proved that the causal synthesis can be reduced to a known result where the feedback operator is determined by the solution of a differential Riccati operator equation.

     

广义逆矩阵特征性质的注记

本文运用线性算子方法进一步探讨了一般数域上矩阵广义逆的特征性质,同时也分别简化和修正了文献［1］中定理2.3.5和定理2.3.6给出的矩阵广义逆A-的结果.     

Gravitational Lensing of Fermion Stars

We discuss the fermion stars, the self-gravitating systems of Fermi gases, as possible gravitational lenses. It is supposed that the fermions interact with themselves and other particles only by gravity, so they are the candidates of dark matter. We calculate Einstein deflection angles, study the image configurations, and calculate the magnification factors for a number of fermion stars that range from strong relativistic configurations to nonrelativistic ones. We find that typically there are three images, one Einstein ring and one radial critical curve for both cases. Two of the images are within the Einstein ring, and the other is outside, which may be very far. All these lensing characteristics can help to identify fermion stars as potential lensing objects, thus might give direct evidence that dark fermion stars exist in the universe.     

Further Study on U(1) Gauge Invariance Restoration

To further investigate the applicability of the projection scheme for eliminating the unphysical divergence s/m_e² due to U(1) gauge invariance violation, we study the process e^- + W⁺ → e^- + t + b which possesses advantages of simplicity and clearness. Our study indicates that the projection scheme can indeed eliminate the unphysical divergence s/m_e² caused by the U(1) gauge invariance violation and the scheme can be applied to very high energy region.     

Effect of field of view on the accuracy of camera calibration

A long focal length lens can improve the spatial resolution and capture more detailed information, so it has been considered for three-dimensional (3D) vision reconstruction. However, the field of view (FOV) will narrow with a long focal length lens. It is a general concept that it is extremely difficult to achieve high-accuracy calibration of a narrow FOV camera because of paraxial imaging. In this paper an in-depth study on this issue is conducted from the aspect of perspective deformation. First, the perspective deformation of a point is divided into three parts. Then, the noise immunity of each part under different FOVs is discussed to reveal the root cause of the difficulty in the calibration of narrow FOV cameras. It is found that the calibration accuracy could be generally maintained at the same level if the image noise is inversely proportional to the focal length. Simulations verify the correctness of the inferences of this study that are hoped to be helpful in overcoming this disadvantage of narrow FOV cameras.     

薄透镜厚度引起焦距测量误差的探究

从理想光具组的焦距公式出发,理论上分析了薄透镜厚度引起焦距测量的误差。采用物距像距法测定焦距,并与二次成像法测得的焦距比较,得出实验结论：采用物距像距法测量焦距,因薄透镜厚度引起的误差大小等于物距像距法测得的焦距与二次成像法测得的焦距之差;由于薄透镜的厚度越厚,折射越靠近光心,所测得的焦距值会偏小,因此对厚度引起的系统误差进行修正,得到修正后的焦距为fm＋Δf。     

照明物镜像差对远场衍射波前质量影响的严格矢量分析

点衍射干涉仪(PDI)中衍射参考球面波的质量受照明物镜像差和小孔的质量、状态的影响。基于矢量衍射理论,分析计算了可见光经过带像差的照明物镜聚焦后经过有限厚度具有实际电导率小孔板的衍射。分析了照明物镜像差对远场衍射波前质量的影响,确定了PDI检测极紫外光刻(EUVL)元件和系统时的最佳直径大小。分析计算得出,当用PDI检测数值孔经(NA)为0.3的系统时,采用直径大小为800nm的小孔较为适宜,其衍射波前均方根(RMS)偏差为6.51×10-5λ,强度均匀性为0.812。当用PDI检测NA为0.3的元件时,采用直径大小为500nm的小孔较为适宜,其衍射波前的RMS非对称偏差为8.40×10-5λ,强度均匀性为0.664。