椎弓根钉植入针道上骨组织光谱特性研究

运用光谱技术研究了椎骨组织不同位置的特征识别因子.光谱采集系统由双光纤手钻一体式探头(光纤芯径200μm,中心距离0.5mm)、卤素光源(波长360～2 000nm)、光纤光谱仪(检测波长为200～1 100nm)和计算机组成,可以同时获得生物组织的漫反射光谱和约化散射系数.以猪椎骨为实验对象,测量椎弓根螺钉植入针道上不同骨组织的漫反射光谱和约化散射系数,并对光谱进行特定波长的峰值、面积、斜率分析,获得特性识别因子.研究发现,椎弓根钉植入针道上不同骨组织的光谱表现出不同的变化特性.其中峰值的变化比约化散射系数的变化高1.88倍,面积的变化比约化散射系数的变化高2.05倍.在495～505nm处,骨密质和骨疏质的光谱斜率都为正值;在520～535nm处,骨密质光谱的斜率为正值,而骨疏质光谱的斜率为负值.结果表明,通过光谱特性分析获得的峰值、面积和斜率因子能够有效地区分针道上骨密质与骨疏质的差异.     

光纤分布式测温系统中基于迭代法的高准确度温度解调算法

提出了一种利用喇曼散射原理的光纤分布式测温系统中基于迭代的高准确度温度解调算法.针对于常规的反斯托克斯-斯托克斯双光路比值的温度解调算法,该迭代算法进一步校正了光纤中双光路衰减系数差对温度敏感带来的温度测量误差,尤其适用于中距离且温度场复杂的测温环境,实现了高准确度的温度测量.通过理论分析确定了该迭代法的迭代格式,测量了相应的光纤参量,并在传感样机上编写相应的代码通过实验予以验证,在0～90℃温度范围,5km测量长度输出的测温曲线符合预期的测温效果.     

双波长外腔共振和频中Boyd-Kleinman因子优化的理论研究

双波长外腔共振是提高和频转换效率的有效手段,然而基于Boyd-Kleinman(BK)理论,和频效率除了受基频光功率密度影响外,主要受BK因子限制。本文通过分析BK因子随腔结构参数的变化关系,给出基于外腔频率转换过程中BK因子优化的一般方案,从而为搭建相关实验提供必要的理论基础。     

Improving microwave dielectric properties of La2.98/3Sr0.01(Mg0.5Sn0.5)O3 ceramics with CuO additive

The microwave dielectric properties of CuO-doped La_2.98/3Sr_0.01(Mg_0.5Sn_0.5)O₃ ceramics were investigated with a view to their application in microwave devices. CuO-doped La_2.98/3Sr_0.01(Mg_0.5Sn_0.5)O₃ ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state method. The X-ray diffraction patterns of CuO-doped La_2.98/3Sr_0.01(Mg_0.5Sn_0.5)O₃ ceramics exhibited no significant variation of phase with sintering temperature. By adding 0.75 wt.% CuO, a dielectric constant of 20.07, a quality factor (Q × f) of 63,000 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τ_f (−77.0 ppm/°C) were obtained when La_2.98/3Sr_0.01(Mg_0.5Sn_0.5)O₃ ceramics were sintered at 1500 °C for 4 h.     

非共轴激光雷达系统参数对几何因子的影响

介绍了非共轴激光雷达几何因子的物理意义,通过数值模拟分析了激光雷达各系统参数包括：激光发散角、接收视场角、光轴间距、光轴失调夹角对几何因子的影响。结果表明：光轴离轴失调对激光雷达影响最大,在系统设计时应极力避免。结合自行研制的CSY2型能见度激光雷达,将理论计算与实验测量值进行对比,实验结果表明两种计算结果基本一致。     

Period-doubling bifurcation in two-stage power factor correction converters using the method of incremental harmonic balance and Floquet theory

In this paper, period-doubling bifurcation in a two-stage power factor correction converter is analyzed by using the method of incremental harmonic balance (IHB) and Floquet theory. A two-stage power factor correction converter typically employs a cascade configuration of a pre-regulator boost power factor correction converter with average current mode control to achieve a near unity power factor and a tightly regulated post-regulator DC-DC Buck converter with voltage feedback control to regulate the output voltage. Based on the assumption that the tightly regulated post-regulator DC-DC Buck converter is represented as a constant power sink and some other assumptions, the simplified model of the two-stage power factor correction converter is derived and its approximate periodic solution is calculated by the method of IHB. And then, the stability of the system is investigated by using Floquet theory and the stable boundaries are presented on the selected parameter spaces. Finally, some experimental results are given to confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.     

Improving image quality of diagnostic ultrasound by using the safe use time model with the dynamic safety factor and the effect of the exposure time on the image quality

Resolution and penetration are primary criteria for image quality of diagnostic ultrasound. In theory (and usually in practice), the maximum depth of imaging in a tissue increases as power (pressure) is increased. Alternatively, at a particular effective penetration, an increased power may be used to allow a higher ultrasound frequency for higher resolution and tissue contrast. Recently, Karagoz and Kartal [29] proposed a safety parameter for thermal bioeffects of diagnostic ultrasound; that is, SUT (safe use time). The SUT model is constructed to determine how long one piece of tissue can be insonated safely according to a threshold exposure. Also, Karagoz and Kartal [29] suggested that an increase in acoustic intensity beyond the current US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limit of intensity can be theoretically possible by using SUT model while staying within the safe limit. The present study was motivated particularly by the goals of higher resolution and/or deeper penetration by using SUT model. The results presented here suggest that the safe use of higher exposure levels than currently allowed by the FDA may be possible for obtaining substantial improvements in penetration depth and/or resolution. Also, the study reveals that image quality can be functionally related to exposure time in addition to acoustic energy and frequency.     

降雨对无线激光通信的影响

通过激光信号在雨介质中传输的实验发现,在大雨环境下,激光信号透射率要比在小雨或微雨的情况下大。这说明光信号在小雨时衰减较大,在大雨时衰减较小。这一现象与人们通常所认为的有所不同。针对降雨对激光信号的影响,根据Mie散射理论和Weibull雨滴尺寸分布模型,分析了不同尺寸的粒子对光的散射作用以及对衰减效率因子的影响,推导出单球粒子对光波的衰减公式,得到了衰减与降雨率的确定关系。通过数值计算发现,与小粒子相比大粒子的前向散射光强更大且更加集中;激光信号在雨介质中传输时,衰减系数在小雨时较大,中雨、大雨时较小,暴雨时不断增大。这一结果与实际情况较吻合,为激光在通信系统中的应用提供了一定的理论依据。     

光纤陀螺静态温度综合误差建模及补偿

针对光纤陀螺温度稳定性低、受环境温度影响参数变化,导致使用精度不高的问题,提出了一种光纤陀螺静态温度综合误差建模补偿方法。综合考虑温度、光纤陀螺标度因数非线性以及零偏漂移的影响,建立了以时间、温度和输入角速率为参量的光纤陀螺静态温度混合模型;采用分类拟合方法确定模型阶次,辨识模型参数;基于温度速率实验,提出迭代补偿算法。实验结果表明,经过综合误差补偿后的光纤陀螺消除了温度和标度因数非线性对其性能的影响,使它在全温度和全速率下的测量精度得到了极大提高,从而证明了该方法的有效性。