Comparison of Various Films Used in Biophysical Investigations as Anisotropic Matrices

Polarized spectra of biological molecules oriented in artificial systems can give useful information of structural and spectroscopical properties of these molecules^1,2. Such investigations have been carried out recently for several biological systems: chlorophylls^{3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, carotenoids⁸, biliproteins^{9, 10}, bacterial reaction centers^{11, 12}, bacteriochlorophylls¹³ etc.     

基于第一性原理的无铅无机钙钛矿Cs3Bi2X9(X=Cl、Br、I)光电性能表面效应研究

用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论方法,对Cs₃Bi₂X₉(X=Cl、Br、I)的光电特性进行理论计算,并系统阐述这3种晶体的表面效应对光电性能的影响。结果表明,3种材料的光学特性由铋原子和卤素原子最外层p轨道上的价电子主导。在可见光区中,材料的吸收峰会随卤素原子序数的增加呈现红移,其中一维结构的Cs₃Bi₂Cl₉表面结构在光吸收能力上尤为特别且敏感;二维结构的Cs₃Bi₂Br₉光吸收能力会受厚度影响;零维结构的Cs₃Bi₂I₉非常稳定,且几乎不受表面特性和晶体厚度的影响。     

Investigation of Copper(II) Interference on the Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Lead(II) and Cadmium(II) at Bismuth Film Electrode

The bismuth‐coated electrode is known to be prone to errors caused by copper(II). This study investigates copper(II) interference at bismuth film electrode for the detection of lead(II) and cadmium(II). It was conducted using glassy carbon electrode, while the bismuth film was plated in situ simultaneously with the target metal ions at ? 1200 mV. Copper(II) presented in solution significantly reduced the sensitivity of the electrode, for example there was an approximately 70 % and 90 % decrease in peak signals for lead(II) and cadmium(II), respectively, at a 10‐fold molar excess of copper(II). The decrease in sensitivity was ascribed to the competition between copper and bismuth or the metal ions for surface active sites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis suggested a large decrease in the amount of bismuth nanoparticles formed on the electrode surface in the presence of copper(II) occurred, validating the competition between copper and bismuth ions for surface active sites. Recovery of the stripping signal of lead(II) and cadmium(II) was obtained by adding ferrocyanide ion to the solution. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to determine lead(II) and cadmium(II) in water samples and the method was validated by ICP‐MS technique.     

In–out asymmetry and interference effects in plasmon excitation by swift charged particles traversing a surface

We investigate the excitation of plasmons by a fast charged particle moving in the vicinity or traversing the surface of a solid along an arbitrary trajectory. We use both quantum‐mechanical and semiclassical dielectric formulations to study how the particle couples with the bulk and surface excitations. We pay special attention to the differences and similarities between incoming and outgoing trajectories, finding some novel oscillatory structures that can be ascribed to an interference effect between direct and reflected plasmon excitations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Statistical Model for Organic Chromatographic Trace Analysis of Complex Samples. A Case Study: Plant Extracts

Abstract

The use of pooled plant extracts is described in the estimation of matrix interference in HPLC (UV and EC) determinations of organic compounds in plant extracts. An extract from freeze dried leaves of 134 different plant species was used for this purpose. It was split in different subgroups with solid extraction clean-up procedures. UV, EC and chromatographic data of the subgroups were used in the calculation of minimum concentrations of organic compounds which are still accurately determinable in plant samples with HPLC methods. The UV and/or EC characteristics of the compound must be known. The contribution of the solid phase extraction procedures and of the analytical system to the selectivity of the method can be estimated. Information is also supplied which allows rapid comparison of the selectivity of the UV and EC (single, or dual parallel) detectors for the determination of a specified compound.     

Facile Fabrication of PBS/CNTs Nanocomposite Foam for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

In order to reduce the pollutants of environment and electromagnetic waves, environment friendly polymer foams with outstanding electromagnetic interference shielding are imminently required. In this paper, a kind of electromagnetic shielding, biodegradable nanocomposite foam was fabricated by blending poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) followed by foaming with supercritical CO₂. The crystallization temperature and melting temperature of PBS/CNTs nanocomposites with 4 wt % of CNTs increased remarkably by 6 °C and 3.1 °C compared with that of pure PBS and a double crystal melting peak of various PBS samples appeared in DSC curves. Increasing the CNT content from 0 to 4 wt % leads to an increase of approximately 3 orders of magnitude in storage modulus and nearly 9 orders of magnitude in enhancement of electrical properties. Furthermore, CNTs endowed PBS nanocomposite foam with adjustable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding property, giving a specific EMI shielding effectiveness of 28.5 dB cm³/g. This study provides a promising methodology for preparing biodegradable, lightweight PBS/CNTs foam with outstanding electromagnetic shielding properties.     

手性无机纳米材料圆偏振发光的研究进展

手性无机纳米材料因为具有优异的光物理特性及广泛的应用价值而备受关注。通过采用手性配体对无机纳米材料的表面进行修饰或将无机纳米材料与手性模板进行组装获得的手性结构,可以与光子强烈作用引起偏振态的改变,产生圆偏振光(circularly polarized light, CPL)。从产生机理来讲,CPL主要包括圆偏振荧光和圆偏振散射,在一些情况下这两个机理是共存的。本文总结了硫族半导体纳米材料、金属纳米团簇、钙钛矿、镧系配合物及其他复合纳米材料中CPL的研究进展。此外,还讨论了不同的手性无机纳米材料中CPL的主要来源。本综述得出的结论有望在分子水平上实现对CPL活性材料的各向异性因子进行调控,促进其在量子计算、光学数据存储、信息加密、3D显示器和光学传感等多个领域的发展。     

超分子组装体激发态手性的响应性

圆偏振发光主要是指手性发光体系激发态的性质。由于其在信息加密、高分辨3D显示和智能传感器等领域的潜在应用而备受关注。圆偏振光除了可以通过物理方法获得,即使用线偏振片和四分之一波片的组合,还可以直接从具有光致发光或电致发光性质的手性材料中获得。目前研究者们已经开发了多种圆偏振发光材料,主要包括手性有机分子、手性金属配合物等小分子发光体系以及手性超分子组装体等复合体系。通过将手性组分与响应性功能基团结合而构筑的响应性自组装发光体系对实现智能圆偏振发光材料的发展起着重要作用。在这篇文章里,我们对手性超分子自组装发光体系对各种外界刺激的响应性能进行了总结和归纳,如光照、pH值、溶剂、温度、金属离子等。本综述通过对各种外部刺激对手性组装体激发态性能影响的总结和讨论,旨在进一步推动智能圆偏振发光材料在多学科领域的应用。