Study of uniformity of plasmas produced in a wall‐stabilized arc

In this contribution the plasma of an arc discharge in a mixture of helium and argon is studied. The gas mixture is introduced uniformly along the arc column between each of the stabilizing plates. From the measured lateral distribution of radiation (HeI, HI, ArI, ArII, NI, FI line intensity and width measurements), after Abel inversion, the radial temperature distributions were obtained at various positions of the arc column. Beside the expected radial temperature gradients, a distinct temperature gradient along the arc column was found.     

PLS: A versatile tool for industrial process improvement and optimization

Modern industrial processes are characterized by acquiring massive amounts of highly collinear data. In this context, partial least‐squares (PLS) regression, if wisely used, can become a strategic tool for process improvement and optimization. In this paper we illustrate the versatility of this technique through several real case studies that basically differ in the structure of the X matrix (process variables) and Y matrix (response parameters). By using the PLS approach, the results show that it is possible to build predictive models (soft sensors) for monitoring the performance of a wastewater treatment plant, to help in the diagnosis of a complex batch polymerization process, to develop an automatic classifier based on image data, or to assist in the empirical model building of a continuous polymerization process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental and theoretical investigations of absorbance spectra for edge-plasma monitoring in fusion reactors

This present paper deals with the spectral characterization of dusty plasmas such as those produced during ITER fusion experiments. Such plasma formed in a small radio frequency plasma reactor with acetylene was characterized using in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy and laser scattering, and ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The plasma absorbance spectra thus obtained in the visible and infrared wavelengths exhibit special features associated with the dust particle growth which absorbs and scatters IR light. This experimental absorbance behavior is reproduced using a dedicated radiation modeling based on the Mie theory and the Monte Carlo simulation. The bimodal distribution assumed for particle sizes brings the model-determined optical properties closer to the experimental dust absorbance than the normal and uniform distributions. Dust formation mechanism is further discussed comparing the experimental and simulated absorbance.     

A 100-kW three-phase AC plasma furnace for spheroidization of aluminum silicate particles

A 100-kW three-phase ac plasma furnace with sheathed copper electrodes (sheathing gas: air) is presented. It is used for spheroidizing chamotte (refractory-fired clay) particles having a smooth, pore-free surface. A simple, one-dimensional numerical model for the heat transfer to the particles explains the maximum processing rate and the detrimental influence of an inhomogeneous particle size distribution.     

Transport coefficients of quark-gluon plasma

Transport coefficients of quark-gluon plasma are discussed in the framework of relativistic kinetic theory with the relaxation time approximation of Boltzmann transport equation. The expressions for the coefficients of shear and volume viscosities and heat conductivity are derived assuming quark-gluon plasma to be a non-reactive mixture of quarks, anti-quarks and gluons. A lowest order in deviations from local thermal equilibrium and in plasma phase, lowest order in coupling constant are assumed. Entropy production due to irreversible processes is discussed.     

强激光辐照非均匀等离子体引起临界点密度变陡

本文在临界密度区域内激光场趋于零的假设下,系统地研究了由强激光辐照非均匀等离子体引起临界密度变陡的现象,给出了较为精确、完备的描述等离子体密度结构的各种参数和等离子体密度的坪台结构。     

Collective thermalization in quark gluon plasma

A very important question in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is that of thermalization of the high energy density quark gluon plasma forud in the central rapidity region. Different approaches have been adopted by various authors to study this thermalization problem. These include phenomenological string and capacitor plate models, perturbative QCD based parton cascade models and the classical non-perturbative approach. In this paper we briefly review the earlier studies and discuss our work which emphasizes the role of non-perturbative collective effects (classical chaos) in the thermalization of the plasma. In particular, using classical equations of motion of a coloured parton in self-consistent colour fields, we have carried out a 1+1 dimensional simulation of coloured partonic matter. We find that in certain parameter domains, the system exhibits chaotic behaviour in non-abelian plasma oscillations, which then leads to thermalization of the plasma.     

Field theory of dielectric Cherenkov maser

The effect of three-dimensional perturbed velocity and three-dimensional perturbed current density on the beam-wave interaction of dielectric Cherenkov maser is analysed by use of the self-consistent linear field theory. Three distinct cases are considered. First, the propagation of the electron beam in an annular dielectric liner enclosed by a loss-free conducting wall is investigated. The dispersion equation and the simultaneous condition of the beam-wave interaction are derived. It's clearly shown that the instability of the interaction results from the coupling of the TM mode in the dielectric lined slow-wave waveguide to the beam mode via the electron beam. And the coupling is proportional to the density of the beam. The growth rate of the wave produced by the electron beam are obtained. Then, the case of a relativistic electron beam guided by a longitudinal magnetic field in the same slow-wave structure is examined. The motion of electrons could be approximated to be one-dimensional when the simultaneous condition of the beam-wave interaction of dielectric Cherenkov maser is satisfied. Finally, the effect of the background plasma on the instability of the beam-wave interaction is studied.This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

微通道板X射线探测器

在激光等离子体实验研究中,为了更好地了解激光与等离子体相互作用过程中所发生的物理过程,要求能够高时间分辨地观测等离子体所辐射的X射线的特征。测量的关键在于X射线探测元件,既要有快的时间响应,又要能够输出足够大的光电流,以便直接驱动高速示波器,进行显示和照像。普通的闪烁体/光电倍增管X射线探测器,由于闪烁体荧光有着固有的衰减时间,以及普通的光电倍增管中的电子飞行时间离散严重,时间分辨力难以提高。     

Neutral particle modelling assumptions: Theory and experiment

The neutral particle recycling models that have been used to date in numerical plasma confinement simulations are by no means equivalent but may lead, instead, to divergent results. As a consequence of this confinement studies based on individual neutral assumptions must be received with a healthy degree of scepticism. We go on to compare experimental observations of the time development of plasma density, temperature, and neutral pressure made in an electrostatic surface trap with numerical plasma simulations incorporating a number of alternative neutral models.