Z-scheme heterojunction of SnS2-decorated 3DOM-SrTiO3 for selectively photocatalytic CO2 reduction into CH4

The rapid recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs as well as the deficiency of high-energy carriers restricted the redox ability and products selectivity. Herein, the heterojunction of SnS₂-decorated three-dimensional ordered macropores (3DOM)-SrTiO₃ catalysts were in-situ constructed to provide transmit channel for high-energy electron transmission. The suitable band edges of SnS₂ and SrTiO₃ contribute to the Z-scheme transfer of photogenerated carrier. The 3DOM structure of SrTiO₃-based catalyst possesses the slow light effect for enhancing light adsorption efficiency, and the surface alkalis strontium is benefit to the boosting adsorption for CO₂. The in-situ introduced SnS₂ decorated on the macroporous wall surface of 3DOM-SrTiO₃ altered the primary product from CO to CH₄. The Z-scheme electron transfer from SnS₂ combining with the holes in SrTiO₃ occurred under full spectrum photoexcitation, which improved the excitation and utilization of photogenerated electrons for CO₂ multi-electrons reduction. As a result, (SnS₂)₃/3DOM-SrTiO₃ catalyst exhibits higher activity for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction to CH₄ compared with single SnS₂ or 3DOM-SrTiO₃, i.e., its yield and selectivity of CH₄ are 12.5 μmol g^-1 h^-1 and 74.9%, respectively. The present work proposed the theoretical foundation of Z-scheme heterojunction construction for enhancing photocatalytic activity and selectivity for CO₂ conversion.     

空心球状C@SnO2@SnS2的制备及光催化去除Cr（Ⅵ）性能研究

将SnO2负载在碳球上通过不完全烧结的方法得到含有大量碳的空心状C@SnO2,随后加入TAA(硫代乙酰胺),利用离子交换法在水热过程中制备了具有不同硫化程度的空心结构的C@SnO2@SnS2三元复合物。利用XRD、FESEM、TEM、XPS、UV-Vis DRS、PL等测试手段对合成样品进行表征,并测试了其光催化去除Cr(VI)的性能。结果表明,C、SnO2和SnS2三者之间的协同作用以及空心结构的形貌显著增强了SnO2的光催化性能,其中CSS-2样品对Cr(VI)具有最佳的去除能力,太阳光照射120 min后对Cr(VI)的去除率高达98.8%。     

Three‐dimensional simulation of planar contraction viscoelastic flow by penalty finite element method

The planar contraction flow is a benchmark problem for the numerical investigation of viscoelastic flow. The mathematical model of three‐dimensional viscoelastic fluids flow is established and the numerical simulation of its planar contraction flow is conducted by using the penalty finite element method with a differential Phan‐Thien–Tanner constitutive model. The discrete elastic viscous split stress formulation in cooperating with the inconsistent streamline upwind scheme is employed to improve the computation stability. The distributions of velocity and stress obtained by simulation are compared with that of Quinzani's experimental results detected by laser–doppler velocimetry and flow‐induced birefringence technologies. It shows that the numerical results agree well with the experimental results. The numerical methods proposed in the study can be well used to predict complex flow patterns of viscoelastic fluids. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Novel conjugated copolymers based on dithiafulvalene moiety for bulk heterojunction solar cells

New conjugated copolymers, P1‐P3 , based on dithiafulvalene‐fused entity and different conjugated segments have been synthesized. Incorporation of electron‐deficient conjugated segments into the conjugated copolymers results in red shifting the absorption band and lowering the hole mobility. Bulk heterojunction solar cells using on these polymers as the donor and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁BM) as the acceptor were fabricated by solution process. The cells based on the blend of P1‐P3 /PC₆₁BM (1:1, w/w) have power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) ranging from 0.53 to 0.93%. Among these, the cell of P1 /PC₆₁BM exhibited the highest open‐circuit voltage at 0.85 V, and the cell of P3/PC₆₁BM exhibited the best PCE at 0.93% with the short‐circuit current (J_SC) of 4.88 mA/cm². © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

一类具两条不连续相交线的平面系统的闭轨

研究了一类具两条不连续相交线的平面系统的闭轨.利用微分包含理论和点变换的方法,获得了一些有趣的结果,包括滑模解,同宿解和闭轨的存在性.同时给出了闭轨存在的必要条件.     

Exchange Relation Planar Algebras

An inclusion of II ₁ factors NM of finite index has as an invariant, a double sequence of finite-dimensional algebras known as the standard invariant. Planar algebras were introduced by V. Jones as a geometric tool for computing standard invariants of existing subfactors as well as generating standard invariants for new subfactors. In this paper we define a class of planar algebras, termed exchange relation planar algebras, that provides a general framework for understanding several classes of known subfactor inclusions: the Fuss–Catalan algebras (i.e. those coming from the presence of intermediate subfactors) and all depth 2 subfactors. In addition, we present a new class of planar algebras (and thus a new class of subfactors) coming from automorphism subgroups of finite groups.     

Study on Planar Whispering Gallery Dielectric Resonators. I. General Properties

Several basic properties of homogeneous planar Whispering Gallery dielectric resonators are investigated through a general approach. In particular the values for the minimum and maximum allowed radius, defined by irradiation and dielectric losses, respectively, are obtained in terms of the complex dielectric constant of the involved media. The same approach is employed in the analysis of the limit allowed frequencies of a fixed family of mode, leading to the definition of the ideal frequency band. The role of the transverse mode is then discussed, and the effective frequency band is introduced and determined both in simple disc and circular ring resonators. The extension of the effective band is limited at least by a factor 3, in terms of decades, in comparison to the extension of the ideal one; this limitation, due to the presence of transverse modes, can be overcome using suitable designed nonhomogeneous resonators, as discussed in a following companion paper.     

Ge_xSi_（1－x）／Si异质结无间距定向耦合光开关模型分析

提出一种简便可行的ＧｅｘＳｉ１－ｘ异质结无间距定向耦合光开关（ＢＯＡ型－ＢｉｆｕｒｃａｔｉｏｎＯｐｔｉｃａｌＡｃｔｉｖｅ）模型分析方法。该方法采用等离子体包散效应分析了这种光开关的电学调制机理；采用异质结超注原理分析了开关的电学性质；并根据典单模脊形波导理论和上述分析，设计了利用双模干涉机制工作的Ｇｅ０．０５ＳＩ０．９５／Ｓｉ异质结ＢＯＡ型光开关的结构参数和电学参数。