An optimization model for amorphous solar cells in which optical,electrical and recombination properties are specified

Summary A model for determination and optimization of the fundamental parameters defining the quality of amorphous solar cells in which optical, electrical and recombination properties are specified is developed. It can be applied to any amorphous solar-cell systems. This paper gives theoretical expressions and describes an iterative method of numerical calculation for the current density of different cells. Results of computer calculations based on this model are presented.

---

Riassunto In questo lavoro si presenta un modello per la determinazione e l'ottimizzazione dei parametri fondamentali atti a definire la qualità delle celle solari amorfe, specificando le proprietà ottiche, elettriche e di ricombinazione. Esso può essere applicato a qualunque sistema di celle solari amorfe. Sono fornite le espressioni teoriche ed è descritto un metodo iterativo per il calcolo numerico della densità di corrente di alcuni tipi di celle. Sono anche presentati i risultati ottenuti da calcoli eseguiti col computer e basati su questo modello.

     

Photovoltaic cells involving the nonconjugated conductive polymer,iodine-doped cis-poly(isoprene)

Novel photovoltaic cells involving a nonconjugated conductive polymer have been fabricated using titanium dioxide/doped cis-1,4-poly(isoprene)/carbon on ITO coated PET substrates. Photocurrents and photo-voltages for different intensities of light (emission at 300–700 nm) have been measured. These cells have shown significantly higher photocurrents and photo-voltages compared to previous reports. A photocurrent density of about 0.27 mA/cm2 and a photo-voltage of 0.73 V have been measured for a light intensity of ～4 mW/cm².     

Synthesis,electrolyte properties and solar cell performance of hyperbranched poly(aryl-ether-urea)s

Hyperbranched poly(aryl-ether-urea)s with phenyl, N,N-dimethylamino ethyl and polyethylene oxide end-groups linked through urethane group – HBPEU-1, HBPEU-2 and HBPEU-3 respectively – were synthesized from an AB₂-type blocked isocyanate monomer and characterized by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, SEC-MALLS, TGA and DSC techniques. The molecular weight of the polymers were found to be ranged from 4.9 × 10³ ? 1.96 × 10⁴ g/mol. The TGA results showed that the polymers decompose between 175°C – 220°C. In the DSC curves, HBPEU-1 and HBPEU-3 showed T_g at 160°C and 53°C respectively, whereas HBPEU-2 did not showed clear T_g. All the three polymers were converted into polymer electrolytes by doping with LiI/I₂. The doped polymers showed remarkably high ionic conductivity, up to 222 – 277 times compared to the un-doped polymers and the highest conductivity was observed with doped HBPEU-2. The TiO₂ based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using the doped polymer electrolytes and their performance was tested; HBPEU-2 showed good performance by yielding energy conversion efficiency (η) of 4.5%.     

Hard uncertainties in multiobjective layout optimization of photovoltaic power plants

This paper describes how to treat hard uncertainties defined by so-called uncertainty maps in multiobjective optimization problems. For the uncertainty map being set-valued, a Taylor formula is shown under appropriate assumptions. The hard uncertainties are modeled using parametric set optimization problems for which a scalarization result is given. The presented new approach for the solution of multiobjective optimization problems with hard uncertainties is then applied to the layout optimization of photovoltaic power plants. Since good weather forecasts are difficult to obtain for future years, weather data are really hard uncertainties arising in the planning process. Numerical results are presented for a real-world problem on the Galapagos island Isabela.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Two New Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

In the present study, two new organic dyes based on indigo were prepared and used as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells. To this end, indoxyl was utilized as the electron-donor and acrylic acid and cyanoacrylic acid were used as the electron-acceptor anchoring groups. These dyes were purified and characterized by analytical techniques. Spectrophotometric evaluations of the prepared dyes in solution and on a nano-anatase-TiO₂ substrate were investigated. Additionally, oxidation potential measurements were also carried out. Finally, dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated to determine the photovoltaic behavior and conversion efficiency of each dye.

[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]     

Transition from anodic titania nanotubes to nanowires: arising from nanotube growth to application in dye-sensitized solar cells

Anodic formation of titania nanowires has been interpreted using a bamboo-splitting model; however, a number of phenomena are difficult to explain with this model. Herein, transition from nanotubes to nanowires is investigated by varying the anodizing conditions. The results indicate that the transition requires a large number of hydrogen ions to reduce the passivated area of tube walls, and therefore can be observed only in an intermediate chemical dissolution environment. Accordingly, a model in terms of stretching and splitting is proposed to interpret the transition process. The model provides a basis to suppress the nanowires with surface treatments before anodization and to clear the nanowires with an ultrasonication process after anodization. The nanotube-nanowire transition also arises when the tubes are directly used in dye-sensitized solar cells. Treatment with titanium tetrachloride solution for about 10 h is found to be effective in suppressing the nanowires, and thus improving the photovoltaic properties of the solar cells.     

混合溶剂对P3HT:PCBM基太阳能电池的影响

以poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)为电子给体材料,[6,6]-phenyl-C60-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)为电子受体材料,制备了纯氯苯(CB)溶剂、纯氯仿(CF)溶剂和氯苯/氯仿(CB/CF)不同比例混合溶剂的共混体系太阳能电池.研究了不同溶剂及不同比例混合的混合溶剂对电池性能的影响.结果表明:以CB/CF(3/1)为溶剂制备的器件,紫外可见吸收光谱和器件外量子效率曲线显示出红移现象,原子力显微图表明P3HT和PCBM间形成良好的相分离结构.在100 mW/cm2强度光照射下,其开路电压Voc为0.61 V短路电流密度Jsc为9mA/cm2,填充因子FF为57.9％,能量转换效率PCE为3.2％.     

HgCdTe长波光伏探测器的表面漏电流及1/f噪声研究

在同一Hg_1-xCd_xTe晶片上(x=0217)制备了单层ZnS钝化和双层 （CdTe+ZnS）钝化的两种器件，对器件烘烤前后的暗电流和1/f噪声进行了测试，烘烤 前发现，ZnS钝化的器件在反偏较大时具有较大的表面隧道电流，而这种表面漏电流是ZnS钝 化器件具有较大1/f噪声电流的原因，通过高分辨x射线衍射中的倒易点阵技术（recipr ocal space mapping,RSM）研究了单双层钝化对HgCdTe外延层晶格完整性的影响，发现单层 ZnS钝化的HgCdTe外延层产生了大量缺陷，而这些缺陷正是ZnS钝化器件具有较大表面漏电流 和1/f噪声的原因. 经过高温烘烤后，ZnS钝化的器件暗电流和1/f噪声增加，而双 层钝化器件经过高温烘烤后性能提高. RSM的研究表明，高温烘烤后ZnS钝化的HgCdTe外延层 产生大量缺陷，这些缺陷正是单层钝化器件表面漏电流和1/f噪声电流增加的原因. 关键词： HgCdTe 光伏探测器 钝化 表面漏电流 1/f噪声 倒易点     

Effects of liquid crystal states on photovoltaic effects of chlorophyll-a

The photovoltaic effects of chlorophyll-a(chla) and the effects of stearic acid, egg phosphatide and cholesterol on those were investigated by means of measuring the photoinduced potentials of SnO2/chla electrodes. Because of the formation of liquid crystal states, appropriate concentrations of stearic acid and egg phosphatide added in a certain system could increase the photovoltaic effects of chla. Cholesterol always decreased the photovoltaic effects of chla because there was no liquid crystal state formed with it.     

Detection of Mn pinned level in Cd1−x Mn x Se monocrystals by the photoconductivity technique

Summary The photoconductivity of the magnetic semiconductor compound Cd_1−x Mn _x Se has been studied at 300 K and at 77K for the first time for several Bridgman-grown single crystals. With this technique it was possible to detect the Mn 3d level. Experimental data found in this investigation reveal that the Mn 3d level is pinned at 1.9 eV below the bottom of the conduction band,i.e. it is independent of temperature and insensitive to the amount of manganese. Paper presented at the ?V International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds?, held in Cagliari, September 14–16, 1982.