Simultaneous determination of rifampicin and sulbactam in mouse plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography

A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with ultraviolet detection has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of rifampicin and sulbactam in mouse plasma. Plasma samples were deproteinized with acetonitrile and separated by HPLC on a RP-18 (125 x 4 mm, 5 microm) column and gradient elution with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (pH 4.5; 50 mm) and acetonitrile at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min. Rifampicin and sulbactam were monitored at 230 nm and confirmed by means of their UV spectra using a diode-array detector. The method was linear at plasma levels from 1 to 100 microg/mL for rifampicin and from 5 to 200 microg/mL for sulbactam. The limits of quantification were 0.6 microg/mL for rifampicin and 4.2 microg/mL for sulbactam. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the method (RSD) were lower than 5% for both compounds. Average recoveries of rifampicin and sulbactam from mice plasma were 98.2 and 89.3%, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of the pharmacokinetic profile of both compounds in mice.     

~(125)Ⅰ内照射的小鼠血清中5种微量元素水平变化

对小鼠灌喂含125Ⅰ放射性物质,建立放射性内照射模型,应用原子吸收光谱法测定了低、中、高辐射源剂量组及对照组小鼠血清中Zn、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn的含量。结果表明,采用辐射源灌喂的小鼠血清中5种微量元素含量均低于没有灌喂辐射源的对照组,5种微量元素的含量随着辐射剂量的增加而降低。结果提示,通过科学膳食补充人体必需微量元素,对于积极防御辐射对机体健康产生的危害极为重要。     

In vivo INDUCTION OF MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION OF NUDE MOUSE B LYMPHOCYTES BY A HUMAN MULTIPLE MYELOMA

The hone marrow puncture fluid of human multiple myeloma was inoculated subcutaneously in BALB/C/nu nude mice. After passage of the xenograft from nude mice in vitro, a murine malignant lymphosarcoma cell line was unexpectedly established, which was named NLB-SK. The murine NLBSK cell line has been cultivated in vitro over 72 passages for 10 months. Repeated cryopreservation showed that the murine NLB-SK cell line revived satisfactorily. Based on cell biological characteristics the malignant transformation migh the attributed to horizontal oncogenesis between human malignant tumor cells and nude mouse normal somatic cells.     

High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Angiography of the Mouse Brain: Application to Murine Focal Cerebral Ischemia Models

Three-dimensional time-of-flight high-resolution magnetic resonance angiography was applied to visualize the cerebral vasculature of the mouse brain. In normal mice, angiograms of good quality, showing the essential details of the arterial cerebrovascular anatomy, could be obtained in only 2.5 min without the use of contrast agents. Signals from slowly flowing blood, e.g., in veins, could also be detected after administration of a blood pool contrast agent. The technique was applied to mouse models of permanent and transient brain ischemia, involving the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. High-resolution magnetic resonance angiography proved to be a very useful tool for verifying the success of the occlusion in these models.     

Molecular aspects of poliovirus pathogenesis

The development of a transgenic mouse model carrying the human poliovirus receptor has made it possible to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the viral dissemination process in a whole organism. Studies on this have provided an insight into the mechanisms for viral permeation through the blood-brain barrier and retrograde axonal transport of the virus. In addition, strain-specific neurovirulence levels are shown to depend mainly on the replicating capacity of the virus in the central nervous system rather than the efficiency of the 2 dissemination pathways indicated above. Studies of poliovirus-induced cytopathic effects on neural cells revealed that neural cells possess anti-poliovirus characteristics that may offer a new avenue for investigating the molecular mechanisms of poliovirus neurovirulence.     

L-赖氨酸锌配合物致惊厥实验研究

为观察L－赖氨酸锌配合物是否具有致惊厥作用,选出了阈下剂量的化学致惊剂和电刺激强度,用小鼠进行了实验研究,结果表明,L－赖氨酸锌配合物无明显增强阈下剂量回苏灵和阈下电刺激小鼠致惊厥作用。     

Active bead-linked immunoassay on protein microarrays

Protein microarrays are becoming a powerful tool in proteome, biochemical, and clinical studies. In addition to the quality of arrayed immobilized probe molecules, sensitivity of the microarray-based assay is highly dependent on the detection technique. Here we suggest four simple techniques for rapid detection of analytes bound to protein microarrays. The techniques employ functionalized magnetic and non-magnetic beads moved to, from, or along the array surface by external forces. In contrast to other labeling techniques actively controlled physical labels: (i) make detection extremely fast to allow microarray reading in seconds; (ii) provide a low background due to active removal of weakly bound beads; and (iii) provide a highly sensitive detection, since one antigen-antibody bond is capable of holding bead immobilized on the array surface. In combination with the electrophoretically assisted active immunoassay we described recently such active reading allows to reduce total indirect immunoassay time to 7-10 min while having sensitivity in the femtomolar concentration range. High speed, sensitivity, and specificity make active bead-linked detection an ideal choice in rapid high-throughput screening and in emergency diagnostics.     

内源性n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对fat-1转基因小鼠血糖血脂的影响

利用fat-1转基因小鼠模型,研究内源性n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFAs)的血糖血脂调节作用.采用fat-1转基因小鼠和C57BL/6野生型小鼠喂食高n-6、低n-3 PUFAs的标准配方饲料4周,然后2组小鼠给予高糖饮液自由饮用4周,每周测体重.第8周末,取血离心测血糖、胰岛素、甘油三脂(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平.结果表明：fat-1转基因小鼠体重增加幅度、空腹血糖值、血清胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平明显低于野生型小鼠(P<0.05).认为n-3 PUFAs能抑制体重增长,降低小鼠血糖、血脂和胰岛素抵抗,起到调节血糖、血脂的作用.     

Use of gnotobiotic mice to identify and characterize key microbes responsible for the development of the intestinal immune system

Symbiosis between intestinal microbiota and the host animal plays an important role in the homeostasis of host physiology. Since the first production of germ-free rodents in 1945, it has become increasingly clear that the intestinal immune system and the biochemical characteristics of epithelial cells differ greatly between conventional and germ-free rodents. However, questions remain about the types of microbes involved and the precise mechanism by which these microbes affect the host physiology. Here, we review experiments designed to answer these questions with the use of gnotobiotic mice. We have determined suitable biochemical and immunological markers for monitoring microbial effects in these mice. Using these markers, we have found clear differences in epithelial cell glycolipid biosynthesis and intraepithelial lymphocyte dynamics between germ-free and conventional mice. Furthermore, we have identified a key microbe that activates the mucosal immune system in the small intestine. This indigenous bacteria, called segmented filamentous bacteria, is a key symbiont in the host-microbiota interplay, including Th17 cell-inducing activity.