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91.
Materials from the Mn(0.5−x)CaxTi2(PO4)3 (0≤x≤0.50) solid solution were obtained by solid-state reaction in air at 1000 °C. Selected compositions were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction analysis, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and electrochemical lithium intercalation. The structure of all samples determined by Rietveld analysis is of the Nasicon type with the R
space group. Mn2+/Ca2+ ions occupy only the M1 sites in the Ti2(PO4)3 framework. The divalent cations are ordered in one of two M1 sites, except for the Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 phase, where a small departure from the ideal order is observed by XRD and 31P MAS NMR. The electrochemical behaviour of Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 and Mn(0.5−x)CaxTi2(PO4)3 phases was characterised in Li cells. Two Li ions can be inserted without altering the Ti2(PO4)3 framework. In the 0≤y≤2 range, the OCV curves of Li//LiyMn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 cells show two main potential plateaus at 2.90 and 2.50–2.30 V. Comparison between the OCV curves of Li//Li(1+y)Ti2(PO4)3 and Li//LiyMn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 shows that the intercalation occurs first in the unoccupied M1 site of Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 at 2.90 V and then, for compositions y>0.50, at the M2 site (2.50–2.30 V voltage range). The effect of calcium substitution in Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 on the lithium intercalation is also discussed from a structural and kinetic viewpoint. In all systems, the lithium intercalation is associated with a redistribution of the divalent cation over all M1 sites. In the case of Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3, the stability of Mn2+ either in an octahedral or tetrahedral environment facilitates cationic migration. 相似文献
92.
S. Loridant G. LucazeauT. Le Bihan 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2002,63(11):1983-1992
A high-pressure structural study of SrCeO3 has been performed at room temperature by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction up to 32 and 45 GPa, respectively. A first-order reversible phase transition is observed at about 12 GPa in both techniques. A second weak structural change, taking place between 18 and 25 GPa, can be suspected from Raman data. The increase in the number of Raman bands and diffraction lines is an indication that the symmetry is lowered and the compound does not evolve towards the ideal cubic perovskite structure. A Rietveld analysis of X-ray data was performed for the low-pressure phase and the atomic positions and the cell lattice parameters variations are reported in this paper. The volume compressibility derived from Raman modes (5.6×10−12 Pa−1), involving mainly bond-stretching for each type of polyhedron, is found to be close to the one obtained from volume cell variations measured by X-ray diffraction (7.9×10−12 Pa−1). 相似文献
93.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) are employed to investigate the effects of nickel on the crystallization of the amorphous Zr70Cu20Ni10 alloy. We have found that the crystallization process of the amorphous Zr70Cu20Ni10 alloy is strongly influenced by the addition of nickel. Addition of 10 at% Ni to the Zr70Cu30 amorphous alloy makes the crystallization process proceed from a single-stage mode to a double-stage mode. The activation energy for crystallization of the amorphous Zr70Cu20Ni10 alloy is calculated to be about 388kJ·mol-1 on the basis of the Kissinger equation. The effects of nickel on the crystallization of the amorphous Zr70Cu20Ni10 alloy are discussed in terms of the genetics of metals. 相似文献
94.
The features of interaction of a spherical metallic particle with a rarefied thermal plasma flow due to the presence o charges-electrons and ions in the gaseous phase-are considered. Analytical expressions describing charge, momentum, and energy exchange between the plasma and the particle für the cases of strong and weak Debye screening are obtained. It is illustrated that the efficiency of particle heating in the plasma considerably grows as compared with a hot molecular gas due to participation of electrons and ions in file transfer processes. 相似文献
95.
矩孔金属光栅矢量模式理论的数值计算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据矩孔金属光栅的矢量模式理论,计算了不同入射方向,波长及偏振态情况下衍射场的分布,研究了不同光栅结构对衍射效率,偏振态变化的影响;同时,根据实际需要,加工制作了一批不同深度的矩孔光栅样品,进行了实验测量,并将计算值与实验值进行了比较,两者基本相符。 相似文献
96.
陈仙辉Department of Physics Structure Research Laboratory University of Science Technology of China Hefei PRC) 钱逸泰 陈祖耀 林春 《中国科学B辑(英文版)》1994,(2)
In this paper, the phase-formation mechanism of Bi-based superconductors was systematically investigated by using high-temperature X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and crystallization of amorphous state. The transformations among Bi-based 2201, 2212 and 2223 phases were observed, and the intergrown phenomenon of the 2201, 2212 and 2223 phases was explained. It was proposed that there exist a composition equilibrium between 2212 phase and Ca2CuO3 and a competition of thermody-namic stability among Ca2CuO3, 2212 and 2223 phases. This is why it is difficult to prepare the 2223 phase. After Pb was doped in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system, Ca2CuO3 phase in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system was replaced by Ca2PbO4, so that the composition equilibrium and competition of thermodynamic stability mentioned above were avoided. 相似文献
97.
A. Waksberg 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2002,23(9):1327-1335
Coupling losses have been calculated for laser resonators with unequal apertures and extended Fresnel Numbers. This was done using both, diffraction theory and a simple linear model.A close form expression was derived to calculate coupling losses with reasonable accuracies for a limited range of paramters. This should help in the preliminary design of hole coupling laser resonators. 相似文献
98.
Yang Lingxia Ge Debiao Wei Bing 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2003,24(11):1893-1897
A modified formulation for fringe component of diffraction coefficient is implemented to TD-EEC method. An example of diffraction by perfectly conducting plate is used to illustrate our scheme. Comparing with the FDTD results we observe that the improved expression for fringe component is more accurate than that of Michaeli's formulation. This high frequency time domain technique is available for treating the bistatic scattering problems for millimeter waves. 相似文献
99.
100.
二元光学波面变形器件的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
基于计算全息原理设计了二元光学波面变形器件,一块二元光学器件的衍射效率比计算全息可提高4倍,高斯波面整形需要二块整形光学器件,二元光学器件的激光利用率比计算全息提高16倍,而且制做工艺简单. 相似文献