基于神经网络的航天光学遥感器在轨信噪比测试方法

提出一种基于神经网络的航天光学遥感器在轨信噪比的的测试方法。通过模拟得到了大量的包含有不同信噪比等级的遥感图像,并将其作为网络训练和测试的样本。通过对遥感图像进行分析,找到了分别与景物结构和噪声有关的特征向量,并将其作为神经网络的输入。在对大量样本图片进行训练后,可完成对由遥感器传输下来的任意一幅地面景物图像进行信噪比的测试,从而避免了传统方法对特定地面景物目标在成像测量中的诸多弊端,平均测量误差约为10%。     

高灵敏度激光吸收光谱中的微弱信号处理

可调谐二极管激光频率调制吸收光谱（FM-TDLAS）技术是一种高灵敏度的痕量气体检测方法。为改善以CH₄为目标气体检测系统的信噪比,提高系统的检测灵敏度,以双平衡混频器（double balanced mixer）为核心,设计了一套用于提取被噪声淹没的微弱信号的调制解调高频相敏探测器。在对高频相敏探测器进行具体设计和分析的基础上, 结合实验,利用CH₄气体在1653nm附近的近红外吸收光谱,对整体电路的性能进行了测试,获得了具有较高信噪比的二次和一次谐波信号,检测灵敏度可达10×10^-6。     

空间环境高精度光电轴角测量研究

在复杂恶劣的气候条件下进行高精度的轴角测量已经成为发展空间应用技术的主要瓶颈,其中空间温度交变和振动环境,严重制约着空间用轴角测量装置的精度和使用寿命。分析了空间应用环境造成光电轴角测量装置输出误码和器件老化机理,提出一种在空间复杂环境进行高精度轴角测量的系统解决方案。给出了系统硬件设计方法,并采用了一种码盘信号自适应处理技术,弥补了传统的光电轴角测量方法的缺陷,在保证轴角测量高精度的前提下,提高了空间测角平台的可靠性和使用寿命。实验结果表明：测角分辨率为0.618″;测角误差峰-峰值为6.2″。     

"电感和电容对交变电流的影响"演示实验的改进

"电感和电容对交变电流的影响"演示实验的操作难度大且现象不明显,为此介绍了2种演示该实验的方法,一是通过将电灯分别与电感(电容)和电阻串联对比进行实验来演示电感和电容对交变电流的影响;二是通过信号发生器和示波器来研究交流电对电感(电容)的影响.2种方法演示效果均较好.     

浅谈示波器实验的教学

本文以大学物理实验课程中的示波器使用实验为例,分析了学生在该实验过程中容易出现的问题及相应的解决办法,使学生能够正确使用示波器测量交流信号的基本参数,为以后进一步的学习打下基础。     

迈克尔孙干涉仪读数系统的改进

根据迈克尔孙干涉仪读数系统的组成和工作原理,提出了利用光栅测长技术对干涉仪读数系统进行改进的实施方案.     

Decimative subspace-based parameter estimation methods of magnetic resonance spectroscopy based on prior knowledge

The method Hankel Total Least Squares (HTLS)-PK, which successfully incorporates prior knowledge of known signal poles into the method HTLS, has been proven to greatly improve the performance for parameter estimation of overlapping peaks of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) signal. In addition, decimation is also proposed as a way to increase the performance of subspace-based parameter estimation methods in the case of oversampling. Taking advantage of decimation in combination with prior knowledge to estimate the MRS signal parameters, two novel subspace-based parameter estimation methods, HTLSDSumPK and HTLSDStackPK, are presented in this paper. The experimental results and relevant analysis show that the methods HTLSDSumPK, HTLSDStackPK and HTLS-PK are slightly better than the method HTLS at low noise levels; however, the three prior-knowledge-incorporating methods, especially the method HTLSDSumPK, have much better performance than the method HTLS at high noise levels in the terms of robustness, estimated accuracy and computational complexity. Even if some inaccuracy of prior knowledge is considered, the method HTLSDSumPK also shows some advantages.     

Biexponential analysis of diffusion-related signal decay in normal human cortical and deep gray matter

Diffusion imaging with high-b factors, high spatial resolution and cerebrospinal fluid signal suppression was performed in order to characterize the biexponential nature of the diffusion-related signal decay with b-factor in normal cortical gray and deep gray matter (GM). Integration of inversion pulses with a line scan diffusion imaging sequence resulted in 91% cerebrospinal fluid signal suppression, permitting accurate measurement of the fast diffusion coefficient in cortical GM (1.142+/-0.106 microm2/ms) and revealing a marked similarity with that found in frontal white matter (WM) (1.155+/-0.046 microm2/ms). The reversal of contrast between GM and WM at low vs high b-factors is shown to be due to a significantly faster slow diffusion coefficient in cortical GM (0.338+/-0.027 microm2/ms) than in frontal WM (0.125+/-0.014 microm2/ms). The same characteristic diffusion differences between GM and WM are observed in other brain tissue structures. The relative component size showed nonsignificant differences among all tissues investigated. Cellular architecture in GM and WM are fundamentally different and may explain the two- to threefold higher slow diffusion coefficient in GM.     

嵌入式三维数字成像系统

提出一种基于数字信号处理器(DSP)的嵌入式三维数字成像系统设计方案。该方案的硬件平台由条纹投影模块、数据采集模块、条纹自动分析模块及储存器等其他辅助电路组成。条纹投影模块将DSP输出的正弦光栅条纹, 经视频编码后用DLP投射到物体表面; 数据采集模块通过CCD相机采集被物体表面三维信息调制后的变形条纹图, 并进行视频解码; 条纹自动分析模块中利用相移算法计算折叠相位, 再结合相位展开算法求绝对相位分布。系统软件采用多线程技术并行控制三个模块。在相位解调过程中以软件流水线为主综合运用了循环展开、数据预取和内联函数等多种方法优化解调程序。实验结果表明, 该系统可以高速、准确地实现三维轮廓测量,优化后相位展开程序速度是优化前的7倍。     

Phase-Drift-Suppression Method Using Higher Order Harmonics in Heterodyne Detection

The theory of phase-drift-suppression method and simulated results using sinusoidal and triangular phase modulation have been described. The computed signal intensity is defined as the square root of the sum of squares of each harmonic intensity in the heterodyne beat signal. The relations between the computed signal intensity, its relative standard deviation, and the modulation indexes are shown through simulations. Modulation indexes that suppress the phase drifts were obtained, including up to the eighth harmonic. The stability of the beat signal in sinusoidal and triangular phase modulation was confirmed to increase 245 times using harmonics from the fundamental to the fourth order and a modulation index of 2.8 rad, and to increase 490 times using harmonics from the fundamental to the second order and 2.9 rad.