陶瓷和金属微波烧结在线实验及微观机理分析

为研究陶瓷和金属微波烧结时的微观演化机理,从而为优化不同材料的烧结过程提供依据,本文采用同步辐射技术对陶瓷(SiC)和金属(Al)的微波烧结微结构演化过程进行实时、无损的观测,并结合有限元模拟分析两者的微结构演化特征及微观机理。通过滤波反投影等数字图像处理技术得到烧结过程中样品内部的二维、三维重建图像,清晰地观察到SiC和Al在颗粒表面和界面演化上存在差异。定量地统计了陶瓷和金属烧结颈相对尺寸与时间的双对数关系,并与陶瓷和金属双球模型的微波烧结模拟结果进行了对比。运用模拟分别对实验中的烧结颈和微观形貌演化进行分析,得出结论:陶瓷和金属微波烧结时的加热机制不同,分别为整体介质损耗加热和表面涡流损耗加热。陶瓷的整体加热将会在材料内部特别是界面产生较高的温度,而金属的表面加热使颗粒表面温度高于界面。由相应的加热机制产生的温度分布差异,将会对材料的物质扩散过程产生不同程度的影响,进而产生不同的微结构。     

非均布随机参数结构非线性响应的概率密度演化简

首先考察了概率密度演化理论中的点演化和群演化与概率空间剖分的关系. 继而,讨论了点集筛选的基本准则. 在此基础上推广了点集偏差的概念,对非均匀、非正态的一般多维分布,提出了广义F 偏差（GF 偏差）的概念,避免了偏差计算的NP 难解问题. 探索了GF 偏差与EF 偏差的关系. 以GF 偏差最小化为准则,建议了概率空间最优剖分与点集重整的新策略. 结果表明,上述方法能够处理包含多达数10 个随机变量的结构动力响应概率密度演化分析问题. 最后,指出了需要进一步研究的问题.     

计及相变微结构演化的形状记忆合金本构描述

基于对NiTi形状记忆合金的实验观察及有限元分析,考虑两相间的应变不协调关系,采用应变修正法建立了计及片层状微结构的本构模型,本模型考虑了两相间的相互约束,及其约束随微结构演化的变化规律.研究了NiTi形状记忆合金微圆管在拉伸和扭转下的响应特性.计算结果与实验结果的对比表明所建本构模型较好地描述了伪弹性响应尤其是较好地描述了拉伸实验过程中的应力跌落现象.     

MOF衍生的分层多孔三维N-CoPx/Ni2P大电流密度下加速析氢

氢气(H2)具有能量密度高、环境友好等优点,是一种很有前景的清洁能源载体.目前,电催化水裂解大规模制氢被认为是一种理想可行的方法.析氢反应(HER)涉及多个步骤,首先形成吸附的氢(Volmer步骤),然后是脱附步骤(Heyrovsky步骤)或两个相邻的吸附氢形成H2(Tafel步骤).与酸性介质相比,碱性介质中的HER...     

Enhancing the thermostability of a novel beta-agarase AgaB through directed evolution

To increase the thermostability of β-agarase AgaB by directed evolution, the mutant gene libraries were generated by error-prone polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) shuffling. Mutants with high thermostability were screened by a simple method based on agarase-degrading agar to generate a clear zone on the agar plate. A mutant S2 was obtained through two rounds of error-prone PCR and a single round of DNA shuffling and selection. It has higher thermostability and slightly increased catalytic activity than wild-type AgaB. Melting temperature (T _m) of S2, as determined by circular dichroism, is 4.6 °C higher than that of wild-type AgaB, and the half-life of S2 is 350 min at 40 °C, which is 18.4-fold longer than that of the wild-type enzyme. Saturation mutagenesis and hydrophobic cluster analysis indicated that hydrophobic interaction might be the key factor that enhances the enzyme stability.     

数字全息技术的原理和应用

数字全息是随着现代计算机和CCD技术发展而产生的一种新的全息成像技术．文章主要介绍数字全息技术的基本原理，数字全息重建中的主要方法以及数字全息技术以其独特的优点在各个领域中的应用．     

Effect of borohydride as reducing agent on the structures and electrochemical properties of Pt/C catalyst

In this paper, we found that boron deposited on the surface of support when sodium borohydride used as reducing agent during the preparation of Pt/C catalyst. The deposition of boron markedly reduces particle size of Pt, raises electrochemical active surface (EAS) area of catalyst and electrochemical activity for hydrogen evolution or oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared with which prepared using other reducing agents (hydrogen and formaldehyde).     

A note on anisotropic,inhomogeneous, poro‐elastic media

A modification of the material law associated with the well‐known Biot system as suggested by Murad and Cushman (Int. J. Eng. Sci. 1996; 34(3):313–338) and first investigated by Showalter (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2000; 251(1):310–340) is reconsidered, generalized and analysed in the light of a new approach to a comprehensive class of evolutionary problems. The framework allows a uniform approach to problems involving general anisotropic, inhomogeneous, non‐smooth media thus covering, for example, transmission problems in layered materials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solving evolution equations using a new iterative method

In this article, we apply the new iterative method proposed by Daftardar‐Gejji and Jafari (J Math Anal Appl 316, (2006), 753–763) for solving various linear and nonlinear evolution equations. The results obtained are compared with the results by existing methods. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010