Modulation of the Biocatalytic Properties of a Novel Lipase from Psychrophilic Serratia sp. (USBA-GBX-513) by Different Immobilization Strategies

In this work, the effect of different immobilization procedures on the properties of a lipase obtained from the extremophilic microorganism Serratia sp. USBA-GBX-513, which was isolated from Paramo soils of Los Nevados National Natural Park (Colombia), is reported. Different Shepharose beads were used: octyl-(OC), octyl-glyoxyl-(OC-GLX), cyanogen bromide (BrCN)-, and Q-Sepharose. The performance of the different immobilized extremophile lipase from Serratia (ESL) was compared with that of the lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). In all immobilization tests, hyperactivation of ESL was observed. The highest hyperactivation (10.3) was obtained by immobilization on the OC support. Subsequently, the thermal stability at pH 5, 7, and 9 and the stability in the presence of 50% (v/v) acetonitrile, 50% dioxane, and 50% tetrahydrofuran solvents at pH 7 and 40 °C were evaluated. ESL immobilized on octyl-Sepharose was the most stable biocatalyst at 90 °C and pH 9, while the most stable preparation at pH 5 was ESL immobilized on OC-GLX-Sepharose supports. Finally, in the presence of 50% (v/v) tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dioxane at 40 °C, ESL immobilized on OC-Sepharose was the most stable biocatalyst, while the immobilized preparation of ESL on Q-Sepharose was the most stable one in 40% (v/v) acetonitrile.     

Enantioselective Resolution of (±)-l-Phenylethyl Acetate by Using the Whole Cells of Deep-sea Bacterium Bacillus sp. DL-2

Bacillus sp. DL-2 was isolated from the deep sea of the Western Pacific and further utilized as novel biocatalysts to efficiently asymmetrically hydrolyze (±)-1-phenylethyl acetate. After the optimization of hydrolytic reactions, chiral chemicals (R)1-phenylethanol and (S)-l-phenylethyl acetate were obtained with high optical purities (96% and 99.8%, respectively). Our research is about the asymmeric hydrolysis of (±)-1-phenylethyl acetate using whole-cell biocatalysts. In addition, the optical purity of (S)-l-phenylethyl acetate generated through the kinetic resolution of (±)-1-phenylethyl acetate using the whole-cells of Bacillus sp. DL-2 was the highest report so far. Using the whole cells of deep sea bacterium Bacillus sp. DL-2 as the biocatalysts is an enviromnentally friendly method and will play critical roles in industrial asymmetric synthesis.     

湿地土壤硝化微生物群落的高光谱研究

氮循环是土壤生态系统元素循环的重要过程,其中硝化作用对于土壤氮循环有重要影响。硝化作用的主要完成者是硝化微生物群落,土壤微生物是湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,其可以指示湿地生态环境变化,对正确认识湿地生态系统氮循环和湿地污染净化功能具有重要意义。尝试从高光谱遥感技术角度,基于土壤氮素光谱监测机理,探索湿地土壤硝化微生物群落高光谱估算技术,进而为估测其时空分布状况提供新技术途径。研究对硝化作用中两个独立阶段的主要完成者氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸氧化细菌,采用最大可能数法分别计数,并以两者计数测量结果的合计,作为各采样区域土壤硝化微生物的数量值。采用光谱倒数的对数(LR)、光谱一阶微分(FD)、光谱二阶微分(SD)、包络线去除(CR)和光谱波段深度(BD)光谱变换技术,以及基于再抽样(bootstrap)技术的多元逐步回归(SMLR)和偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)建模方法,构建湿地土壤硝化微生物数量和全氮含量估算模型。研究结果表明：在采用bootstrap SMLR建模方法时,湿地土壤硝化微生物数量和全氮含量的估算波段位置存在一定的相似性(尤其对于原光谱实测数据R和SD光谱);对于湿地土壤硝化微生物数量和全氮含量的估算,bootstrap PLSR相比于bootstrap SMLR建模方法,具有较高的估算精度;对湿地土壤硝化微生物数量的估算,最高估算精度产生于SD光谱变换技术结合bootstrap PLSR建模;对湿地土壤全氮含量的估算,最高估算精度产生于CR光谱变换技术结合bootstrap PLSR建模。     

大功率电子加速器的辐射灭菌效果研究

在中国科学院近代物理研究所自行研制的大功率电子加速器上, 研究了不同辐照剂量的电子束对大肠杆菌、 金黄色葡萄球菌和变形杆菌3种微生物的杀灭效果, 同时检测了辐照后菌体超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化。 结果显示: 辐照剂量达到2.0 kGy时, 可完全杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌, 2.2 kGy时可完全杀灭大肠杆菌和变形杆菌; 辐照对3种微生物的SOD活性有较显著的影响。 To study the effects of radiation sterilization of the electron beam, the three species of microorganisms, Escherichia. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris were irradiated with the electron beam, delivered by the electron accelerator independently developed by the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of these irradiated microorganisms were also tested. The results indicated that the Staphylococcus aureus were fully radio sterilized with the radiation dosage of 2.0 kGy, but 2.2 kGy to the Escherichia.coli and Proteus vulgaris. Moreover, the data also demonstrated that the irradiation had noticeable effects on the SOD activity of the three microorganisms.     

Effect of gold nanoparticles synthesized using the aqueous extract of Satureja hortensis leaf on enhancing the shelf life and removing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in minced camel's meat: The role of nanotechnology in the food industry

Because herbal nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties, researchers have tried to synthesize them to aid in increasing the shelf time of food and food products. In this regard, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized by plants are particularly important. In this study, fresh and clean leaves of Satureja hortensis were selected for the synthesis of AuNPs. We also evaluated the efficacy of these nanoparticles to increase the shelf life of and remove Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes from minced camel's meat. The nanoparticles were analyzed by UV–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction tests. The FT-IR spectroscopy results demonstrated that the antioxidant compounds in the plant were the sources of reducing power, reducing gold ions to AuNPs. FE-SEM and TEM images revealed the size of the nanoparticles to be 22.26 nm. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for S. hortensis, AuNPs, and butylated hydroxytoluene. S. hortensis and AuNPs had high cell viability dose-dependently against the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. At the beginning of the food industry part of this experiment, all samples of control, S. hortensis, and AuNPs were preserved at 4°C for 20 days. During these 20 days, the sensory, chemical, and microbiological parameters were assessed for all samples. AuNPs significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli and L. monocytogenes. In addition, AuNPs significantly increased the protein carbonyl content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, pH, peroxide value, total volatile base nitrogen, and sensory attributes (color, odor, and overall acceptability). The best results were seen in AuNPs (1%). These findings reveal that the inclusion of S. hortensis extract improves the solubility of AuNPs, which led to a notable enhancement in their preservative and antibacterial effects.     

土壤因子与农产品品质关系研究进展

文章分析了国内外关于土壤因子与农产品品质关系的研究现状,综述了土壤生物、物理、化学因子在农产品品质形成过程中发挥的重要作用,提出通过土壤管理来调控农产品品质面临的众多问题及未来研究重点,期望通过明析土壤因子与农产品品质的内在机理,指导土壤管理及标准化生产,为促进特色农产品持续发展和品质提升提供科学依据。     

Fibrinolytic Evaluation of Compounds Isolated from a Marine Fungus Stachybotrys longispora FG216

As a part of our continuing work to discover bioactive leading molecules from marine microorganism, ethyl acetate fraction of organic extract of the train Stachybotrys longispora FG216 showed fibrinolytic activity in our primary screen. The bioassay‐guided purification of the active fractions resulted in isolation of a new isoindolone, FGFC2 ( 1 ) (FGFC2, Fungi fibrinolytic compound 2), together with two known compounds, LL‐Z1272β ( 2 ) and ergosterol ( 3 ). The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by the spectral analysis of 1D (¹H, ¹³C) NMR, 2D (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) and ESI‐MS. Three compounds were evaluated for fibrinolytic activities in vitro. Compared to FGFC1 (EC₅₀?47 µmol/L) as a reference drug, compound 1 and ergosterol ( 3 ) showed moderate fibrinolytic activities in vitro with EC₅₀ values of 108.16 and 156.30 µmol/L, respectively. LL‐Z1272β ( 2 ) had no fibrinolytic activity.     

中国风化煤和泥炭的微生物转化

用瓦克青霉菌和铜绿假单孢菌对两种中国风化煤,一种泥炭极它们的预处理样品进行了微生物转化研究,两种微生物能很好地把ATQ,HAQ,HGC,ATHG和HAP样品转化成液态产物,经过23d的表面固体溶煤实验和17d的液体摇瓶溶煤实验,瓦克青霉菌对样品ATQ,HAQ,ATHG和HAP中有机部分的转化率是100％,溶煤产物与原样相比,醇羟基和羧基含量减少,酚羟基和C－O－C官能团的含量增加,表明微生物溶煤过程中存在着氧化水解作用及酯化作用。微生物溶煤主要是酶的作用,并伴随碱性物质及生物螯合作用。－COOH和－OH含量高的样品易于被微生物所溶解。     

薯蓣皂甙提取新工艺

盾叶薯蓣是一种常用的中草药,又名黄姜、火头根,是我国特有甾体激素类药源植物,也是世界上薯蓣皂甙元含量最高的资源植物[1].其所含薯蓣皂甙元具有增强性功能、抗衰老和治疗心血管疾病、保护肝脏、抑制癌细胞增殖、治疗骨质疏松等功效,是合成各种避孕药和甾体激素类药物的主要原料[2-3].     

Laminar MHD natural convection of nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over vertical wavy surface saturated non-Darcian porous media

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) bioconvection of an incompressible electrically conducting nanofluid near a vertical wavy surface saturated porous medium containing both nanoparticle and gyrotactic microorganisms is investigated. The nanofluid is represented by a model that includes both Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. A suitable set of non-dimensional variables are used to transform the governing boundary layer equations into a dimensionless form. The resulting nonlinear system is mapped to the vertical flat plate domain, and a non-similar solution is used to the obtained equations. The obtained non-similar system is then solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The influence of various physical parameters on the local Nusselt number, the local Sherwood number, the local density number of the motile microorganisms, the dimensionless velocity, the dimensionless temperature, and the rescaled density of motile microorganisms is studied. It is found that the local Nusselt number, the local Sherwood number, and the local density number of the motile microorganisms decrease by increasing either the Grashof number or the magnetic field parameter.