A review on speciation of iodine-129 in the environmental and biological samples

As a long-lived beta-emitting radioisotope of iodine, ¹²⁹I is produced both naturally and as a result of human nuclear activities. At present time, the main part of ¹²⁹I in the environment originates from the human nuclear activity, especially the releases from the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plants, the ¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I ratios have being reached to values of 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻⁴ in the environment from 10⁻¹² in the pre-nuclear era. In this article, we review the occurrence, sources, inventory, and concentration level of ¹²⁹I in environment and the method for speciation analysis of ¹²⁹I in the environment. Measurement techniques for the determination of ¹²⁹I are presented and compared. An overview of applications of ¹²⁹I speciation in various scientific disciplines such as radiation protection, waste depository, and environmental sciences is given. In addition, the bioavailability and radiation toxicity (dose to thyroid) of ¹²⁹I are discussed.     

基于旋滤波法的干涉条纹预处理技术

提出了一种新的基于旋滤波法的干涉条纹预处理方法。该方法根据条纹图灰度值梯度分布规律,只在干涉条纹切线方向进行中值滤波,它能有效地处理各种相干噪声而不会使条纹变模糊。实验证明该方法能有效地去除随机噪声、椒盐噪声以及由于光照不均匀引起的较大面积的亮斑或暗斑等噪声。对于亮斑或暗斑,其滤波效果要明显优于Gerchberg外插迭代算法。以WYKO相移干涉仪5次测量的面形平均值作为被测面形的参考值,则经过预处理后,抑制了噪声引起的局部误差,傅里叶变换法计算得到PV值的误差从未预处理的14.4%(全口径)、131%(95%口径)分别减小到3.4%(全口径)、1.5%(95%口径);RMS误差从28.7%(全口径)、23.3%(95%口径)分别减小到5.0%(全口径)、2.3%(95%口径)。     

Singular Points and an Upper Bound of Medians in Upper Semimodular Lattices

Order - Given a k-tuple P=(x 1,x 2,...,x k ) in a finite lattice X endowed with the lattice metric d, a median of P is an element m of X minimizing the sum ∑ i d(m,x i ). If X is an upper...     

Ion mobility spectrometric analysis of vaporous chemical warfare agents by the instrument with corona discharge ionization ammonia dopant ambient temperature operation

The ion mobility behavior of nineteen chemical warfare agents (7 nerve gases, 5 blister agents, 2 lachrymators, 2 blood agents, 3 choking agents) and related compounds including simulants (8 agents) and organic solvents (39) was comparably investigated by the ion mobility spectrometry instrument utilizing weak electric field linear drift tube with corona discharge ionization, ammonia doping, purified inner air drift flow circulation operated at ambient temperature and pressure. Three alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates, tabun, and four organophosphorus simulants gave the intense characteristic positive monomer-derived ion peaks and small dimer-derived ion peaks, and the later ion peaks were increased with the vapor concentrations. VX, RVX and tabun gave both characteristic positive monomer-derived ions and degradation product ions. Nitrogen mustards gave the intense characteristic positive ion peaks, and in addition distinctive negative ion peak appeared from HN3. Mustard gas, lewisite 1, o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile and 2-mercaptoethanol gave the characteristic negative ion peaks. Methylphosphonyl difluoride, 2-chloroacetophenone and 1,4-thioxane gave the characteristic ion peaks both in the positive and negative ion mode. 2-Chloroethylethylsulfide and allylisothiocyanate gave weak ion peaks. The marker ion peaks derived from two blood agents and three choking agents were very close to the reactant ion peak in negative ion mode and the respective reduced ion mobility was fluctuated. The reduced ion mobility of the CWA monomer-derived peaks were positively correlated with molecular masses among structurally similar agents such as G-type nerve gases and organophosphorus simulants; V-type nerve gases and nitrogen mustards. The slope values of the calibration plots of the peak heights of the characteristic marker ions versus the vapor concentrations are related to the detection sensitivity, and within chemical warfare agents examined the slope values for sarin, soman, tabun and nitrogen mustards were higher. Some CWA simulants and organic solvents gave the ion peaks eluting at the similar positions of the CWAs, resulting in false positive alarms.     

The Median Stabilization Degree of a Median Algebra

The median stabilization degree (msd, for short) of a median algebra measures the largest possible number of steps needed to generate a subalgebra with an arbitrary set of generators. We determine the value of msd of a graphic n-cube Qn and we derive an estimation of msd for the natural median operator of Rn which is sharp up to one or two units. Interestingly, msd of Qn and of Rn grows like log1.5n. Finally, we characterize median algebras and median graphs of msd 1 in terms of forbidden subspaces.     

Combined and Least Squares Empirical Likelihood

In conventional empirical likelihood, there is exactly one structural constraint for every parameter. In some circumstances, additional constraints are imposed to reflect additional and sought-after features of statistical analysis. Such an augmented scheme uses the implicit power of empirical likelihood to produce very natural adaptive statistical methods, free of arbitrary tuning parameter choices, and does have good asymptotic properties. The price to be paid for such good properties is in extra computational difficulty. To overcome the computational difficulty, we propose a least-squares version of the empirical likelihood. The method is illustrated by application to the case of combined empirical likelihood for the mean and the median in one sample location inference.     

便携式X光机图像降噪复合算法研究

便携式X光机应用越来越广,因而对其所成图像的降噪也显得尤为重要.本文首先讨论和分析了便携式X光机成像系统噪声的来源及其特性,针对传统单一降噪算法存在的不足,提出了一种新的复合式降噪算法.该复合算法不仅对高斯噪声和脉冲噪声有很好的滤除效果,同时也能有效地保护图像的细节部分.仿真实验证明,该算法切实可行.     

不等式的证明

不等式的证明方法很多 ,本文给出了几种常用方法 ,通过这些方法 ,可以比较简洁 ,快速的解决一些不等式证明问题     

Second order asymptotic comparison of estimators of a common parameter in the double exponential case

Summary The problem to estimate a common parameter for the pooled sample from the double exponential distributions is discussed in the presence of nuisance parameters. The maximum likelihood estimator, a weighted median, a weighted mean and others are asymptotically compared up to the second order, i.e. the ordern ^−1/2 with the asymptotic expansions of their distributions. University of Electro-communications     

腕管综合征及其生物力学研究进展

腕管综合征(carpal tunnelsyndrome, CTS)是腕部正中神经受到卡压而引起的一种神经病症. 它所带来的高昂的社会和经济花费使得腕管综合征的研究应运而生, 并且在过去的10年里得到突飞猛进的发展. 常规的手术方式是将腕横韧带(transversecarpal ligament)切开, 以释放正中神经(mediannerve)所受到的压力. 本文不仅对腕管的解剖结构、腕管综合征的症状和发病机理、以及诊断和治疗等方面作了简要概述,还主要从以下几个方面探讨了近年来与腕管综合征相关的生物力学研究工作及其进展: (1)影响腕管内压力的因素,包括腕部姿势, 手指、肌腱或手掌所受外荷载的大小, 以及手工劳作的不同频率等; (2)腕管结构的稳定性研究, 如切开腕横韧带或腕骨间掌横韧带对腕刚度的影响, 以及从动力学角度分析腕管减压手术会导致的腕骨失稳现象; (3)腕管内容物(如肌腱、正中神经)的运动及内容物之间以及腕管内容物与腕横韧带之间的相互作用;(4)腕横韧带的延展实验, 如利用外荷载或移位搭接的方法拉长腕横韧带, 以达到降低腕管内压力的目的. 本文旨在加强人们对腕管综合征尤其是对与腕管综合征相关的生物力学研究进展的了解, 并从生物力学的观点提出利用有限元方法对腕管结构进行三维建模与分析将有可能成为腕管综合征进一步研究的一个重要发展方向.