二维磁结构的扫描隧道显微术研究

文章介绍了近年来利用扫描隧道显微术（STM）对表面和薄膜磁结构的研究进展。二维或表面磁结构可以通过在非磁性单晶上外延磁性单原子层薄膜形成，也可以在清洁的磁性单晶表面形成。利用磁性的STM针尖可以观测到原子分辨的表面磁结构。这将增进人们从纳米尺度对磁性的理解，并推动磁电子学的发展。     

磁学研究与三环公司发展

简要回顾了20世纪20年代以来我国现代磁学研究的历史。20世纪80年代初期正值我国改革开放浪潮之时，科技人员纷纷走上科技成果产业化道路。建立于1985年的中国科学院三环公司就是一个成功的代表，同时好也是我国现代磁学研究结出的一颗硕果。     

Numerical Soliton and Oscillating Wave Solutions for Flierl-Petviashvili Equation in Plasmas

Numerical axisymmetric soliton and oscillating wave solutions for the Flierl-Petviashvili equation in plasmas are presented. Solution branch paradigm and examples are given. Some implications of results to ion drift wave as well as force-free field of magnetic equilibrium are briefly discussed.     

New Approaches and Solutions of Nonlinear Force-Free Magnetic Field

Some new approaches for nonlinear force-free magnetic field are presented and new exact solutions are found analytically. Examples are given and some implications of results to astrophysical solar plasmas as well as tokamak or/and spheromak plasmas are discussed.PACS numbers: 52.30.Cv, 52.55.-s, 95.30.Qd     

Elasticity in nanocrystalline Nd2Fe14B+αFe magnetic composites

The dynamic Young modulus (E) of magnetic Nd₂Fe₁₄B+αFe nanocomposites is investigated with mechanical spectroscopy techniques (vibrating reed configuration, f≈1.5 kHz <10⁻⁶). Reduced values of E are obtained (88–152 GPa) as compared with that predicted by the rule of mixtures for the composite (164 GPa). Three contributions to this reduction are briefly discussed: a large volume fraction of the specimen with grain boundary like structure; internal pores, resulting from the high cooling rate during processing (10⁶ K/min) and magneto-mechanical effects. Even when porosity is identified as the principal cause of modulus reduction, magnetic effects are also detected.     

Biomagnetic measurements utilising a superparamagnetic marker: a feasibility study

Summary A preliminary study is here reported on a new potential marker for biomagnetic measurements. The marker consists of superparamagnetic polymer microspheres which were detected in the presence of external steady magnetic fields by means of an r.f.-SQUID magnetometer. The particles were prepared in samples differing in the concentration value and immersed in a homogeneous magnetic field of variable intensity. A simple model was taken into account for the distribution of the microspheres in the samples, so that the theoretical values were compared to the marker field values measured by the biomagnetic sensor. The overall sensitivity of the experimental apparatus and the minimum concentration value of the marker were then estimated.     

Neutron Scattering on Magnetic Materials Under Extreme Conditions

Many materials exhibit various magnetic phenomena as a function of magnetic field, temperature and/or pressure. Usually, bulk magnetic measurements provide first information on the magnetic state of the material by measuring their response on the applied magnetic field. However, it is necessary to investigate materials also on a microscopic scale. This is often done by means of neutron scattering. In this contribution we discuss basic ideas of this method and we report on few experimental results obtained with a split-pair coil 14.5 T superconducting magnet which can be combined with dilution stick offering temperatures as low as 30 mK and/or with a small clamped-type pressure cell which offers pressure up to 1.0 GPa.     

Mössbauer spectroscopy study of spin structure and its in-field and temperature dynamics in B2 ordered Fe(Al) alloys

The experimental data from Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements are presented as functions of the temperature and external magnetic field for a B2-type ordered Fe ₆₆ Al ₃₄ alloy.     

Amorphous Fe–Mg alloy thin films: magnetic properties and atomic vibrational dynamics

Amorphous (a-) Fe _x Mg_1?x alloys are interesting materials for the investigation of non-Debye-like low-energy vibrational excitations. We have prepared a-Fe _x Mg_1?x alloy thin films (0.3 ≤ × ≤0.7) by vapour quenching. The amorphous state was confirmed by conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy between 4.2–300 K, and the x- and temperature-dependence of the isomer shift and hyperfine magnetic field was measured. For x= 0.6 and 0.7, magnetic ordering occurs below ~150 K. The atomic vibrational density of states, g(E), was determined by nuclear resonant inelastic scattering, providing clear evidence for the non-Debye-like low-energy vibrational excitations.     

Study of photon-induced L3 vacancy alignment for elements La to U

Alignment of photon-induced L₃ vacancies is studied in rare earth and highZ elements at energies of experimental interest, near thresholds to 60 keV, under nonrelativistic dipole approximation. Numerical calculations of the matrix element are undertaken to produce theoretical data for comparison with the experimental findings. The A₂ values being s>0.1 at photoelectron energies <20 keV are certainly higher than 5–8% uncertainties quoted in experimental results. Present findings are from a very basic model, hydrogen-like and can further be treated as reference to observe the impact of screening, relativistic, multipole and retardation corrections to the model