三轴液压仿真转台灰箱辩识研究

三轴液压仿真转台由于伺服阀的非线性及框架间速度和力矩耦合特性使系统的模型非常复杂,常规的理论建模方法建立的数学模型与实际的系统相差较大,这使得鲁棒控制在液压转台中的应用受到一定限制.根据系统模型的结构特征和系统的实际特性对系统进行灰箱辩识是解决这一问题的最好办法.文中通过具体实例说明这种建模方法的有效性.     

直升机桨叶液压减摆器等效阻尼计算研究

直升机桨叶液压减摆器具有强非线性、大阻尼的特点。为了正确评估减摆器的等效阻尼，就旋转桨叶在水平面内的自由摆振运动，采用基于富里叶分析的移动矩形窗、基于希尔贝特（Hilbert）变换和能量平衡的方法对减摆器的等效阻尼进行了计算研究，并就阻尼强弱、衰减对数曲线的拟合等因素对计算结果的影响进行了分析。结果表明，对于线性阻尼和非线性弱阻尼振动系统，包络衰减法和能量平衡法计算等效阻尼能获得较一致的结果，对于非线性阻尼振动系统来说结果有分散性，应用时须谨慎。     

The analysis of groundwater flows in unconfined aquifers with nonuniform hydraulic conductivity

Horizontal groundwater flows in unconfined aquifers with horizontal lower boundaries can be found exactly by the seepage analysis that allows the hydraulic conductivity to vary in the vertical direction. The exact analysis of flows when the lower boundary of the aquifer is not a horizontal plane, requires the soil-water pressure on this boundary to be known, and this is not generally the case except in the situation of a freshwater aquifer overlying saline water fed from the sea. For aquifers with spatial variations of hydraulic conductivity in both the vertical and horizontal directions, the seepage analysis can be modified to give groundwater flows in situations where the hydraulic conductivity can be represented by the product of independent functions of the three spatial coordinates. Different forms of three-dimensional variation are generated from suitably chosen functions. The use of such forms in calculations of equivalent uniform hydraulic conductivities of some groundwater flow regions demonstrates the dependence of equivalent hydraulic conductivity values on the flow boundary conditions. The exact groundwater flows calculated for particular groundwater situations by the seepage analysis provide results that are useful in validating numerical methods for solving groundwater problems in heterogeneous soils.     

Self-similar solutions of the problem of formation of a hydraulic fracture in a porous medium

The problem of hydraulic fracture formation in a porous medium is investigated in the approximation of small fracture opening and inertialess incompressible Newtonian fluid fracture flow when the seepage through the fracture walls into the surrounding reservoir is asymptotically small or large. It is shown that the system of equations describing the propagation of the fracture has self-similar solutions of power-law or exponential form only. A family of self-similar solutions is constructed in order to determine the evolution of the fracture width and length, the fluid velocity in the fracture, and the length of fluid penetration into the porous medium when either the fluid flow rate or the pressure as a power-law or exponential function of time is specified at the fracture entrance. In the case of finite fluid penetration into the soil the system of equations has only a power-law self-similar solution, for example, when the fluid flow rate is specified at the fracture entrance as a quadratic function of time. The solutions of the self-similar equations are found numerically for one of the seepage regimes.     

粘弹性地基钢板爆炸焊接的计算模型

提出了一个钢坯爆炸焊接的计算模型。模型的数学表达式表明了振型函数、广义坐标及其频率与钢坯力学性能、土基力学性能和钢坯尺寸的具体关系。通过挠度的解析表达式,可获得这种爆炸加工的动态响应特性,为工程实践中优化参数和动态分析提供了有效工具。     

FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF ROTATING MACHINERY USING KNOWLEDGE-BASED FUZZY NEURAL NETWORK

A novel knowledge-based fuzzy neural network (KBFNN) for fault diagnosis is presented.Crude rules were extracted and the corresponding dependent factors and antecedent coverage factors were calculated firstly from the diagnostic sample based on rough sets theory.Then the number of rules was used to construct partially the structure of a fuzzy neural network and those factors were implemented as initial weights,with fuzzy output parameters being optimized by genetic algorithm.Such fuzzy neural network was called KBFNN.This KBFNN was utilized to identify typical faults of rotating machinery. Diagnostic results show that it has those merits of shorter training time and higher right diagnostic level compared to general fuzzy neural networks.     

Electro-hydraulic tillage depth control system for rotary implements mounted on agricultural tractor Design and response experiments of control system

A tillage depth control system for rotary implements mounted on an agricultural tractor was designed and constructed to improve accuracy of tillage depth. The control system was composed of five main units: (1) a detecting unit to measure the tilting angle (position) of the lift arm, the pitching angle of the tractor and heights of sensors from ground surface, (2) a controlling unit, (3) a hydraulic unit to operate a three-point hitch linkage by a lift arm cylinder, (4) a three-point hitch linkage and rotary implements, and (5) a setting unit to put the reference tillage depth and a dead zone into the control circuit. The tillage depth was controlled by an on/off operation of a solenoid valve, of which time was proportional to the controlling time. Experiments to evaluate the response characteristics of the control system were conducted under various engine speeds, i.e. various flow rates of hydraulic oil, various tillage depths and some input frequencies. The results of the response experiments of the control system are discussed in this paper.     

基于节块展开法的Jacobian-Free Newton Krylov联立求解物理-热工耦合问题

目前反应堆物理热工耦合程序通常采用固定点迭代思路, 这可能导致部分工况收敛速度慢, 甚至出现不收敛的现象, 严重影响了计算效率. 基于此, 本文将高效的粗网节块展开法(NEM)与Jacobian-Free Newton-Krylov (JFNK)方法结合, 成功地开发出了一套新方法NEM_JFNK, 实现了联立求解物理热工耦合问题. 首先将NEM推广到热工问题的求解, 之后使用NEM来离散物理-热工耦合问题的所有控制方程, 使得所有变量都能在粗网格下进行离散, 从而大大减小求解问题的规模; 其次将NEM离散后的方程经过某些特殊的处理, 成功地嵌入JFNK的计算框架, 最终开发出了基于线性预处理的NEM_JFNK, 即LP_NEM_JFNK. 此外, 为了充分利用原有的迭代程序, 避免JFNK残差方程的重新建立, 本文还开发了无需重构残差方程的NEM_JFNK, 即NRC_NEM_JFNK, 并实现“黑箱”耦合. 文中以一维中子-热工模型为例, 给出LP_NEM_JFNK和NRC_NEM_JFNK数学模型, 并对计算结果进行分析. 结果表明:新方法无论是收敛速度还是计算效率都具有明显优势.     

Relation Between Non-Steady Supply Pressure and Flux for a Double Packer Conductivity Meter: An Approximate Analytical Solution

Measurement of the hydraulic coefficients of soil or rock is carried out with the aid of double packer conductivity meters in wells or boreholes. The evaluation of tests is based on the theory of creeping flow through a porous medium. The theory leads to a non-steady cylindrically and axially symmetric heat conduction problem in an infinity domain outside a circular hole with mixed boundary conditions. With the aid of a simple but efficient approximation, which describes the singularity of the boundary value, two of the three integrations in the solution can be evaluated in closed form. The analysis shows that the problem can be reduced to a simple Volterra integral equation, which is easily solved with numerical means. The solution is characterized by one single parameter, namely the aspect ratio of the cylindrical inner cavity.     

分形维数在大型旋转机械故障诊断中的应用

为了识别大型旋转机械的故障模式,运用分形理论,提出了分段关联维数的计算方法,并以分段关联维数为特征量,通过建立状态距离函数,实现了模式识别。该方法克服了通常只通过计算一段数据的关联维数就进行故障识别的缺点。通过对仿真信号、滚动轴承实测信号的诊断,表明所提出方法的有效性,具有实用价值。