全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1113篇 |
免费 | 67篇 |
国内免费 | 267篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1313篇 |
晶体学 | 24篇 |
力学 | 5篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
数学 | 4篇 |
物理学 | 94篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 46篇 |
2020年 | 29篇 |
2019年 | 26篇 |
2018年 | 34篇 |
2017年 | 41篇 |
2016年 | 44篇 |
2015年 | 38篇 |
2014年 | 58篇 |
2013年 | 91篇 |
2012年 | 67篇 |
2011年 | 49篇 |
2010年 | 43篇 |
2009年 | 45篇 |
2008年 | 51篇 |
2007年 | 90篇 |
2006年 | 76篇 |
2005年 | 58篇 |
2004年 | 56篇 |
2003年 | 50篇 |
2002年 | 42篇 |
2001年 | 35篇 |
2000年 | 36篇 |
1999年 | 51篇 |
1998年 | 39篇 |
1997年 | 30篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1447条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
41.
Phillips J. R. Klasson K. T. Clausen E. C. Gaddy J. L. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1993,(1):559-571
The anaerobic bacteriaClostridium ljungdahlii produces ethanol and acetate from CO, CO2, and H2 in synthesis gas. Early studies with the bacterium showed that relatively high concentrations of ethanol could be produced
by lowering the fermentation pH and eliminating yeast extract from the medium in favor of a defined medium. This article presents
the results from a medium development study based on the aerobic bacteriumEscherichia coli. The results of continuous-reactor studies in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with and without cell recycle are
shown to demonstrate the utility of this improved medium. 相似文献
42.
液—液萃取浮选法分离Ni(Ⅱ),Co(Ⅱ),Fe(Ⅲ)的研究 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8
研究了在(NH4)2SO4存在下,乙醇与水分相的条件。试验表明,丁二酮肟与镍生成的螯合物沉淀可以被萃取浮选在乙醇与水两相之间,钴与丁二酮肟生成的螯合物被乙醇萃取,Fe(Ⅲ)留在水相中,实现了同一体系中三相分离Ni(Ⅱ),Co(Ⅱ),Fe(Ⅲ),结果满意。 相似文献
43.
A. Coetzee M. E. Brown D. J. Eve C. A. Strydom 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1994,41(2-3):357-385
Both isothermal and programmed temperature experiments have been used to obtain kinetic parameters for the dehydrations and
the decompositions in nitrogen of the mixed metal oxalates: FeCu(ox)2·3H2O, CoCu(ox)2·3H2O and NiCu(ox)2·3.5H2O, [ox=C2O4]. Results are compared with those reported for the thermal decompositions of the individual metal oxalates, Cuox, Coox·2H2O, Niox·2H2O and Feox·2H2O. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was also used to examinee the individual and the mixed oxalates.
Dehydrations of the mixed oxalates were mainly deceleratory processes with activation energies (80 to 90 kJ·mol−1), similar to those reported for the individual hydrated oxalates. Temperature ranges for dehydration were broadly similar
for all the hydrates studied here (130 to 180°C).
Decompositions of the mixed oxalates were all complex endothermic processes with no obvious resemblance to the exothermic
reaction of Cuox, or the reactions of physical mixtures of the corresponding individual oxalates.
The order of decreasing stability, as indicated by the temperature ranges giving comparable decomposition rates, was NiCu(ox)2>CoCu(ox)2>FeCu(ox)2, which also corresponds to the order of increasing covalency of the Cu−O bonds as shown by XPS.
In celebration of the 60th birthday of Dr. Andrew K. Galwey 相似文献
44.
碱金属沸石上乙醇双分子缩合反应及其机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
首次发现在碱金属X沸石上乙醇能够发生以正丁醇为主产物的双分子缩合反应,在所研究的催化剂中,含Rb的LiX沸石表现出较高的反应活性和选择性。反应机理的研究表明,反应不经过aldol缩合步骤。在此基础上,对反应机理提出了新建议:在碱性沸石作用下,乙醇的β-位C-H键被活化,双分子脱水导致缩合。碳链的增长按此模式进行。 相似文献
45.
A. Kolker L. P. S. Safonova A. N. Kinchin G. A. Krestov 《Journal of solution chemistry》1990,19(10):975-994
Experimentally determined are the enthalpies of solution of 12 electrolytes (LiBr, LiI, NaBr, NaI, NaBPh4, Et4NCl, Et4NBr, Pr4Br, Bu4NBr, Am4NBr, Ph4PCl, Ph4PBr) in ethanol at –50 to 55°C. sHo values obtained on the basis of four different extrapolation equations are analyzed. The effect of temperature changes on the thermodynamic parameters of solvation indindividual ions are calculated using thermodynamic data for the salt crystals (lattice) with the assumption that solvC
p
o
(Ph4P+)=solvC
p
o
(Ph4P-). 相似文献
46.
47.
ZHUO Ke-Lei WANG Jian-Ji LIU Wen-Bin LU Jin-SuoDepartment of Chemistry Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan China 《中国化学》1996,(3)
Pt,H2(g,p0)HCl(mE)|AgCl-AgPt, H2(g, p0)|HCl(mE), EtOH(mN)|AgCl-Ag have been measured at 10 degree intervals from 278.15 to 318.15 K, where EtOH refers to ethanol, mE=0.005-0.1 mol.kg-1, mN=0.4-1.0 mol.kg-1. The salting constant kS of EtOH by HCl and the thermodynamic parameters of interaction, fEN(gEN> hEN, sEN] cP,EN)> of EtOH with HCI in water have been evaluated. It has been shown that kS>0, gEN>0,hEN>0, SEN>0 ,and cp,EN<0.The signs of these parameters and the temperature dependence of them have been discussed on the basis of structural interaction and the group additivity models. 相似文献
48.
Effect of Hydration–Dehydration Processes on the Structure and Porosity of Detemplated Silica Fibers
Kovalenko V. V. Tel'biz G. M. Bobonich F. M. 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》2004,40(1):64-68
A study was carried out on the conditions of template removal (calcination or extraction by solvents) and hydration–dehydration processes on the hexagonal structure and porosity of detemplated fibers. The hydration–dehydration cycle leads to a decrease in fiber porosity, especially in fiber detemplation by extraction with surfactant solvents such as ethanol and acetic acid. 相似文献
49.
The study deals with the analysis of diffusion and mass transfer modelling during pervaporation in a true ternary system involving a polar liquid mixture (ETBE/EtOH) and a polar block copolymer (polyurethaneimide or PUI). A survey of methods of pervaporative transfer modelling in ternary systems is first developed. From differential permeation experiments carried out with both pure liquids, it appears that both permeants obey a Fickian law. Moreover, the diffusional behaviour is consistent with Long's model, which has thus been assumed for the related ternary system. An extension of the Brun's model is then derived, which takes into account the diffusion coupling as well the significant deviation from sorption ideality. From a practical point of view, the calculated values of fluxes show generally good agreement with the experimental results, although a small deviation occurs for mixtures of low ethanol content. Diffusion coefficients of both pure solvents corresponding to transient or steady state are compared. A very good agreement is found for the aprotic permeant (ETBE). whereas the diffusion coefficient of ethanol in transient state is only the quarter of the value corresponding to steady state. The results are discussed in comparison with related investigations in the literature, involving specific liquid-polymer interactions. 相似文献
50.
The complex permittivity for chlorobenzene–alcohol binary mixtures have been determined over the frequency range of 10 MHz to 20 GHz, at 15, 25, 35, and 45°C, using the time-domain reflectometry (TDR) method for 11 concentrations of each chlorobenzene–alcohol system. The alcohols used were methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol. The values of static dielectric constant, relaxation time, the corresponding excess properties, the Redlich–Kister coefficients up to the third order, the Kirkwood correlation factor, and thermodynamic parameters of the mixtures have been determined. The excess permittivity is found to be negative for chlorobenzene–methanol and chlorobenzene–ethanol, whereas it is positive in the 1-propanol rich region. The excess inverse relaxation time is negative for all the systems studied here. The Kirkwood effective correlation factor increases with an increasing in the molecular size of the alcohol, but decreases with increasing temperature. 相似文献