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91.
L. Ward 《Optics & Laser Technology》2002,34(7):3280
Contour graphs of 2 vs 4 for different film thicknesses and a range of angles of incidence have been plotted for the ellipsometric functions Δ and Ψ in both the reflection and transmission modes. In the case of reflection ellipsometry, when the plots for ΔR and ΨR are superimposed, the two sets of contours cross nearly at right angles over a large part of the field, this being indicative of the high accuracy obtainable in using this technique to determine 4 and 2 and hence the optical constants, n and k, for the film material. The reflection ellipsometric technique is accurate over angles of incidence between 30° and 75° and for a range of film thicknesses between λ/30 and 5λ. Transmission ellipsometry is less useful, due to anomalies in both Xs and Xp where sudden phase changes of ±π occur in regions of interest. There is also the possibility of multiple solutions, although the use of a multiangle technique would enable the “correct” values to be more easily determined. 相似文献
92.
使图像获得不受光照和几何条件影响的颜色特性描述是实现颜色恒常性的关系,利用双色反射模型和有限维线性模型,提取归一化偏差体反射特征。被实验证明是实现颜色恒常性的一个重要途径,本文详细阐述了归一化偏差本体反射特征的特性,其计算方法,应用的前提条件,以及应用限制,并在实际图像处理中,考虑到了这些影响的因素。 相似文献
93.
人工神经网络法用于高效毛细管电泳分离条件优化的研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
把人工神经网络(ANN)法应用于高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)分离条件的优化,给出了反向传播(BP)的ANN模型的具体算法。用正交试验法同时考察了缓冲溶液组成、浓度、pH值和有机添加剂浓度等实验因素对HPCE分离合成色素和防腐剂的影响,采用误差反向传播方法建立了有效的ANN预测模型,预测最佳分离条件,获得了满意的分离结果。 相似文献
94.
真彩色彩虹全息图图像合成技术 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了真彩色虹全息图图像的合成技术,讨论了合成的记录光路和两个物体的相对位置随H1的记录光波长而变化所应满足的关系,以防止两个物体的再现像因错位而发生互相干扰的现象。 相似文献
95.
de Frutos M Brasiles S Tavares P Raspaud E 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2005,17(4):429-434
Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) consist of nucleic acid protected by a protein envelope called capsid. At the start of infection, the phage genome is translocated into the bacterial cytoplasm. In vitro (and also in vivo), this DNA release can be triggered by binding a specific receptor protein to the phage tail. The force responsible for the release arises from energy stored in the capsid due to strong confinement of the DNA. We show that this force can be modified by adding molecules like spermine that affect DNA conformation. The tetravalent cation spermine can reduce the pressure inside the capsid and induce condensation of the released DNA. We examine the effect of spermine on DNA ejection from phage T5 by using light scattering and gel electrophoresis to measure the amount of DNA remaining in the capsid at the end of ejection. We discuss the results in terms of free energy minimization and we demonstrate that the presence of a DNA condensate outside the phage generates an additional force pulling passively on the DNA remaining inside the capsid. 相似文献
96.
The border luminance of the test stimulus between the natural and unnatural object color, yynBu was obtained for different spatial sizes of the immediate surround to prove that nBu can be determined based on a new recognized visual space of illumination (RVSI) that is assumed to be constructed for the immediate surround separately from the RVSI for the subjects room itself. The nBu of five test stimuli were determined for six different sizes covering from zero to 1866 cm2 with four different lightnesses, N4, N6 and N8, while keeping the room illuminance constant at 100 or 600 lx. The results showed that luminance of the border nBu gradually decreased as the size of the immediate surround was increased and that the decrease was larger for immediate surround with lower lightness. The results were interpreted as showing a new RVSI constructed for the spatial extent of the immediate surround of the test stimulus, and the RVSI was more completely constructed for larger spatial size of the immediate surround. © 2005 The Optical Society of Japan 相似文献
97.
The continuous-wave laser properties of an efficient diode-pumped Nd:GdVO4 crystal operating at formed with a simple plane-concave cavity have been studied. With the incident pump power of 21 W, an output power of 6.9 W was obtained, giving an optical conversion efficiency of 32.8% and a slope efficiency of 35.3%. The laser characterization of two different Nd3+-doped concentration of Nd:GdVO4 crystals were studied. 相似文献
98.
99.
We propose a color vision model that can be used to predict color appearance in mesopic vision as well as photopic and scotopic vision. It is based on a two-stage model which consists of the cone and opponent stages and it assumes rod intrusion at the opponent stage. The model has the following features to describe the color appearance in mesopic vision. First, it includes a gradual and nonlinear shift in spectral luminous efficiency from V (LD) to V (LD) to cope with the spectral sensitivity difference between photopic and scotopic vision and the nonlinearity of rod influence on the luminance channel. Second, the model assumes decrease of the chromatic component with decreasing illuminance to explain the reduction of saturation at low illuminance levels. Third, it assumes that red/green and yellow/blue components change with illuminance levels independently, thus explaining hue shifts with decreasing illuminance. We applied the model for color appearance simulation of natural scenes in a mesopic visual environment. 相似文献
100.
Boiocchi M Bonizzoni M Fabbrizzi L Foti F Licchelli M Poggi A Taglietti A Zema M 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2004,10(13):3209-3216
The demetallation in acidic solution of the Cu(II) complexes with open-chain and cyclic tetramines containing a piperazine unit (2 and 3) has been investigated in terms of its kinetic aspects and compared with the behaviour of unsubstituted counterparts (tetramines 1 and 4). The presence of the piperazine fragment slows demetallation of the open-chain-ligand complex owing to the activation barrier associated with the conformational change from boat-to-half-boat; however, it does not affect the demetallation of the macrocyclic complex, which involves the spontaneous boat-to-twist conformational change. Thus, lateral reinforcement of a cyclam-like ligand does not add any further contribution to the typical inertness in demetallation of macrocyclic complexes. 相似文献