Photorefractive shearing interferometer

A novel method of obtaining shearing interferogram by slightly moving the crystal in a photorefractive interferometer is proposed. This method can measure the phase of an object itself instead of its diffraction field, and it is easy to realize continuously changeable shearing distance in any lateral direction and introduce carrier fringes at the same time. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental verification are given.     

Topological order in the phase diagram for high-temperature superconductors with point defects

Applying a Lindemann like criterion obtained previously by Kierfeld et al. [J. Kierfeld, T. Nattermann, T. Hwa, Phys. Rev. B 55 (1997) 626], we estimate the magnetic field and temperature for a high-T_c superconductor, at which a topologically ordered vortex glass phase becomes unstable with respect to a disorder-induced formation of dislocations. The employed criterion is shown to be equivalent to a conventional phenomenological Lindemann criterion including the values for the numerical factors, i.e., for the Lindemann number. The positional correlation length of the topologically ordered vortex glass is calculated.     

聚乙烯单晶的退火效应

用混合晶红外光谱法和ＳＡＸＳ、ＤＳＣ和ＬＡＭ等方法研究了聚乙烯单晶在７５℃、９０℃和１０５℃退火前后的结构变化，发现在９０℃以下和１０５℃以上退火，遵循不同的退火机制     

The effect of polyether terminal chains in the liquid crystalline behavior of ortho-palladated complexes

A series of benzylideneanilines bearing terminal polyether chains, HL (HL = R-C₆H₄-CHN-C₆H₄-R′: R = OC₈H₁₇, R′ = O(CH₂CH₂O)₂C₂H₅; R = O(CH₂CH₂O)₂C₂H₅, R′ = OC₈H₁₇; R = R′ = O(CH₂CH₂O)₂C₂H₅; R = OC₁₂H₂₅, R′ = O(CH₂CH₂O)₃C₂H₅; R = O(CH₂CH₂O)₃C₂H₅, R′ = OC₁₂H₂₅; R = R′ = O(CH₂CH₂O)₃C₂H₅) have been prepared. Their dinuclear, [Pd(μ-X)L]₂ (X = OAc, Cl, Br, SC₈), [Pd₂(μ-SCn)(μ-X)L₂] (X = OAc, Cl; n = 8, 2) and mononuclear orthopalladated derivatives, Pd(acac)L, Pd(Ala)L, are reported and their mesogenic properties are compared with those of the analogous compounds with alkoxy chains. In general a great lowering in the melting points is produced for all the products. The free ligands and the alanine complexes are not liquid crystals. The chloro-bridged complexes bearing alkoxy and short polyether chains (O(CH₂CH₂O)₂C₂H₅) show the larger improvement of mesogenic properties. Longer polyether chains (O(CH₂CH₂O)₃C₂H₅) result usually in a destabilization of the mesophases. If only polyether chains are present, the destabilization is important regardless of the chain length. The ability of these molecules as ionic extractants and transporters was qualitatively evaluated for the more propitious cis-dinuclear complexes, which in fact showed some extracting ability, modest but improved compared to the free ligands.     

核磁共振法测定高聚物的结构—核磁共振二维谱

介绍了核磁共振(NMR)波谱,尤其是核磁共振二维谱(2D NMR)在最近几年内的进展。内容包括怎样用NMR测定高聚物的序列分布、共聚物结构、聚合物的混溶性、聚合物液晶的取向度、分子量、短链度和长链支化度、凝聚态高聚物的多相结构等。     

Influence of Temperature and Time on the Stability of Silver in Silica Sol-Gel Glasses

The darkening of silica sol-gel glasses doped with 0.05 mol% silver was studied. Six sols were prepared from TEOS and silver nitrate. Different additives were used, to influence the chemical and physical states of silver: oxidizing or reducing agents (H₂O₂, As₂O₅), colloid stabilizer (sodium citrate) and network modifiers (Li₂O, CaO). Sols were gelified at 60°C and densified at 600°C. The samples without additives and those prepared with H₂O₂ at room temperature even if they were protected from light. With increased temperature, the darkening became samples were heated above, 400°C, reversible bleaching took place. This darkening-bleaching is of thermal nature (“thermochromic effect”) and seems to be determined by a reversible aggregation-disaggregation of tiny silver particles. The presence of sodium citrate, as an additive delayed the darkening effect and the presence of CaO delayed it even further. Lithium oxide inhibited it totally.     

Determination of terbutaline with ferrocene-gold colloid-1,4-benzenedimethanethiol layer-by-layer self-assembled gold electrode

Aminylferrocene is successfully immobilized on nanosized gold colloid particles associated with a 1,4-benzenedimethanethiol monolayer on a gold electrode surface and characterized by cyclic voltammograms and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution, the formal potential (E ⁰’) of Fc is 0.432 V (SCE), and the apparent surface electron-transfer rate constant is 0.89 s⁻. The immobilized Fc gives an excellent electrocatalytic response to the terbutaline oxidation. The catalytic-current response of differential pulse voltammograms increases linearly with the terbutaline concentration from 1.75 × 10⁻⁷ to 5.62 × 10⁻⁴ mol/l. The detection limit is 2.30 × 10⁻⁸ mol/l. The determination of terbutaline in a tablet dosage is satisfactory. The method is simple, quick, and sensitive. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2006, Vol. 42, No. 8, pp. 969–974. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

The thermal decomposition of NaHCO3 powders and single crystals

The thermal decomposition of four commercial powders and of differently stored single crystals of sodium hydrogen carbonate is studied by power compensation DSC and by optical and FT-IR microscopy. Independently of manufacturer, specified purity and price, the thermal curves of all the commercial powders show a more or less pronounced low temperature peak preceding the one due to the main decomposition. Such small peak is not observed when samples of laboratory recrystallized material are used. However the thermal behaviour of the latter preparation differs remarkably depending on storage conditions: the material kept in closed glass containers decomposes at temperatures higher than those of the material stored in a dessiccator in the presence of concentrated H₂SO₄. The observation by optical microscopy of the behaviour of the surfaces of single crystals coming from different storage conditions when the temperature is raised in a Kofler heater helps the interpretation of the data collected. The mechanism of the decomposition is discussed and the relevant kinetic parameters reported.     

Studies on the phase properties of lyotropic liquid crystals of Brij35/sodium oleate/oleic acid/water system:By means of polarizing microscope,SAXS,~2H-NMR and rheological methods

The pseudo-quaternary phase diagram of Brij35/sodium oleate/oleic acid/water systems has been investigated, and the liquid crystal area has been identified, which covers about two thirds of the whole phase diagram. The liquid crystal structure and behavior have been also studied by using polarizing texture, small angle X-ray scattering, 2H-NMR and rheometer etc. The result shows that when the composition of the system changes along the line of AA′ in this large liquid crystal region, the structural change is cubic→cubic/lamellar→lamellar→lamellar/hexagonal→hexagonal. Meanwhile, we made the first attempt of systematic study of the rheological properties of the above system. The lattice constants of cubic and hexagonal liquid crystals are 10.53 and 5.68 nm, respectively.