Comparison of cadmium manganese telluride crystals grown by traveling heater method and vertical Bridgman method

In this paper, the CdMnTe crystals were grown by the Travelling Heater Method (THM) and the Vertical Bridgman (VB) method, respectively. The crystal properties, including the Mn axial distribution, impurity concentrations, resistivity, Hall effects and energy response spectra, were characterized and compared. The results shown that the CdMnTe crystal grown by the THM had more uniform Mn distribution and lower impurity concentrations compared to the crystal grown by VB method. The resistivity of CdMnTe grown by THM was (1.5 ∼ 8) × 10¹⁰ Ω.cm, while the resistivity of CdMnTe grown by VB was 10⁷∼10⁸ Ω.cm. The In dopant distributed uniformly throughout the crystal ingot grown by THM with the doping concentration of 0.6–0.7 ppm, while the In dopant concentration throughout the crystal grown by VB method is in the range of 1.31–2.4 ppm. Hall measurements revealed that the conductivity of the THM grown crystal was weak n‐type conductivity and the VB grown crystal was p‐type conductivity. A planar CdMnTe detector from the THM grown crystal showed a resolution of 8% of the ²⁴¹Am radiation at 59.5 keV peak, however, no energy response was revealed with the CdMnTe detector by the VB method. The results demonstrate that CdMnTe crystal grown by THM have better crystal quality and detector properties compared to that by VB method.     

利用超声测量水中含沙量垂线分布的方法

本文根据超声反射式测沙的原理，跟踪超声波在水中的传播，实时采集并获沙量沿垂线的分布规律，测量发射的一次超声脉冲，可得沙量分的瞬时特性；多次发射并取平均法。     

The dry-packing of columns in liquid chromatography

This contribution comprises two parts, the one covering some variables in the dry-packing of columns for liquid chromatography, the other the use of an automatic dry-packer in liquid chromatography. A high-pressure stainless steel column was dry-packed using a 20-44 μm size, irrregularly shaped, silica gel support. It was found that, when support was added in discrete amounts, lateral tapping produced a column of higher efficiency (HETP = 0.69 mm) than was the case for vertical tapping (HETP = 1.37 mm). Simultaneous vertical and lateral tapping produced an intermediate result. Bulk filling of the column followed by tapping was inferior to adding support in discrete amounts. An apparatus constructed to perform the vertical and lateral tapping operations automatically confirmed the above conclusions. It was concluded that commercially available dry-packing apparatus do not offer the best action for packing an efficient column since they involve predominantly vertical tapping.     

A New Technique to Determine Horizontal and Vertical Permeabilities from the Time-Delayed Response of a Vertical Interference Test

To determine the permeabilities from a vertical interference test, earlier investigators proposed correlations or type curves based on point source solutions or partially penetrated well solutions. However, it is impossible for these correlations or type curves to cover all possible scenarios in the real world. In more recent years, people use regression analysis to simultaneously match the pressure responses at the source interval and the observation point. With regression analysis, we face the problem of non-unique solutions. Sometimes, estimated permeability could be outside a reasonable range when analyzing noisy data from real tests. In this paper, a new technique is presented to estimate horizontal and vertical permeabilities from the time-delayed response in a wireline vertical interference test. In a vertical test, a pressure drawdown test period is followed by a pressure buildup test period. Because of the delay in response, the pressure at the observation probe continues to drop for some time while the pressure at the source interval is being built up. The maximum pressure drop at the observation probe with regard to the maximum pressure drop in the source interval is time-delayed. Using this time delay and the maximum pressure drop at the observation probe, vertical and horizontal permeabilities can be estimated. A novel numerical scheme is used. The new technique is compared with the previous methods, and it shows its superiority in accuracy. In addition, it can be used in different test configurations. Application issues in real testing conditions are discussed. Finally, two field tests are analyzed using this technique, while an earlier effort to analyze the tests using a conventional method was not successful due to poor data quality.     

Synthesis of soluble polyimides for vertical alignment of liquid crystal via one-step method

A series of polyimides (PIs) were copolymerized from 4-dodecyloxy-biphenyl-3′,5′-diaminobenzoate (DBPDA), 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-methylene-dianiline (DMMDA) and 4,4′-oxydi(phthalic anhydride) (ODPA) via one-step method. The PIs possessed excellent solubility in polar aprotic solvents and easily formed thin flexible films by solution casting. The glass-transition temperatures (T_gs) of the PIs were in the range of 219-242 °C and thermal decomposition temperatures in nitrogen occurred above 350 °C. The resultant PI films exhibited high transparency at wavelengths greater than 400 nm and induced excellent uniform vertical alignment of liquid crystal (LC). Even after the rubbing process, the pretilt angles of LC were still above 89°. The PI seems to be a prospective material for alignment layers in flexible displays.     

Theoretical study of new acceptor and donor molecules based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Functionalized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an interesting class of molecules in which the electronic state of the graphene-like hydrocarbon part is tuned by the functional group. Searching for new types of donor and acceptor molecules, a set of new PAHs has recently been investigated experimentally using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). In this work, the electronic structure of the PAHs is studied theoretically with the help of B3LYP hybrid density functionals. Using the ΔSCF method, electron binding energies have been determined which affirm, specify and complement the UPS data. Symmetry properties of molecular orbitals are analyzed for a categorization and an estimate of the related signal strength. While σ-like orbitals are difficult to detect in UPS spectra of condensed film, calculation provides a detailed insight into the hidden parts of the electronic structure of donor and acceptor molecules. In addition, a diffuse basis set (6-311++G**) was used to calculate electron affinity and LUMO eigenvalues. The calculated electron affinity (EA) provides a classification of the donor/acceptor properties of the studied molecules. Coronene-hexaone shows a high EA, comparable to TCNQ, which is a well-known classical acceptor. Calculated HOMO-LUMO gaps using the related eigenvalues have a good agreement with the experimental lowest excitation energies. TD-DFT also accurately predicts the measured optical gap.     

Rotational symmetry breaking in small-area circular vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

We investigate theoretically the dynamics of three low-order transverse modes in a small-area vertical cavity surface emitting laser. We demonstrate the spontaneous breaking of axial symmetry of the transverse field distribution in such a device. In particular, we show that if the linewidth enhancement factor is sufficiently large dynamical regimes with broken axial symmetry can exist up to very high diffusion coefficients ~ 10 μm²/ns.     

GPS技术在金川露天矿边坡变形监测中的应用

本文结合金川露天矿边坡变形GPS监测研究，主要论述监测基点的选择，基点WGS-84坐标的确定，变形监测网的布设，GPS数据采集、处理和质量，坐标转换的实施等，给出反演推出的若干四等三角点及其它控制点的变形数据，这些数据和造成变形的物理成因符合得很好，最后概括出GPS技术应用于变形观测的若干优点。     

排水粉喷桩(2D工法)加固软土地基对桩周土体强度的影响

排水粉喷桩(简称2D工法)作为一种新的软土地基处理方法,在淮盐公路软基处理中得到试用,效果良好;但是目前对其桩间土强度的变化规律还不是很清楚,本文首次通过大量现场试验,采用静力触探、十字板剪切等试验手段,测得了排水粉喷桩施工后桩间土强度变化的规律。结果显示在排水粉喷桩施工后,桩间土强度先降低,之后随着龄期的增长而提高。     

Non-linear dynamics and pattern formation in a vertical fluid layer heated from the side

We study both experimentally and numerically the convective flow in a tall vertical slot with differently heated walls. The flow is investigated for the fluid with the Prandtl number Pr=26, which is large enough to ensure the traveling waves as primary instability and small enough to prevent boundary layer convection. The flow evolution is determined on the base of the visual observations, power spectra and amplitude analysis. In the numerical simulations of two- and three-dimensional flows, we accept an assumption of an infinite fluid layer. The satisfactory agreement with experiment is observed, and the sequence of convection states is discovered. It starts with a plane-parallel flow as primary solution, which becomes unstable to two counter-propagating waves. It is followed by a tertiary three-dimensional flow in the form of wavy traveling waves. As the Grashof number is increased even further, a chaotically oscillating cellular pattern consisting of the pieces of broken waves arises. The formation of a structure in the form of the vertical rolls chaotically modulated along axes concludes this complicated picture.