基于系统动力学的场外核应急洗消设备配置问题研究

洗消设备配置问题是场外核应急准备工作的重要环节之一,论文根据核辐射洗消过程运行特点,考虑系统内人群密度对洗消进程的影响关系,建立洗消系统系统动力学模型。在不同核辐射超标率场景中,设计不同设备配置方案,模拟并观察系统内等待人数和总洗消时间的变化。仿真结果表明,检测I设备与洗消设备的配置数量及比例,影响洗消进度;在综合考虑设备投入和洗消站占地面积的条件下,该方法可为场外核应急洗消设备配置提供决策依据。     

基于惩罚与补贴的再制造闭环供应链网络均衡模型

为研究我国废旧电子产品(WEEE)立法的问题,分析了供应商、制造商、零售商、需求市场及回收商的行为,分别建立了变分不等式模型,并在此基础上建立了五级再制造闭环供应链网络均衡模型。模型考虑了政府对于制造商的惩罚政策与对于回收商的补贴政策。通过修正投影算法求解算例,仿真分析了旧材料转化率、回收率、惩罚及补贴政策对闭环供应链网络均衡结果的影响。结果表明,随着政府对于回收商的补贴的增加,不但回收商的回收量提高,闭环供应链的新材料需求量、旧材料需求量、销售量均增加;相反,随着政府对于制造商未完成的回收量的罚款增加,回收量、新材料需求量、旧材料需求量、销售量均降低;追求高回收率的政策并不总是有效的;而提高WEEE的旧材料转化率对于闭环供应链有利。     

铁磁性设备补偿磁场的数学模型及其应用

研究用永磁体对铁磁性设备进行磁场补偿的问题,建立了补偿磁场的数学模型.将设备划分成若干个小长方体后,基于磁矩量法建立了数学模型,并对补偿磁场进行拟合.在计算模型中的耦合系数矩阵时,用多个点的平均值作为耦合系数的有效值,提高了计算结果的可靠性和稳定性.并且,针对永磁体距离设备很近时,设备呈现出的非线性磁化特性,通过优化方法求解各个单元的等效磁化率,这种方法不需要知道铁磁材料的磁化曲线和设备结构,便于计算和实际应用.最后,通过实验设计与数值计算,得到了永磁体对设备进行补偿的磁场分布,模型计算结果与实际测量数据误差11%以内,这说明该模型能够满足工业要求,具有实际应用价值.     

Kopplung des programmierbaren Tischrechners EMG 666 mit einem Vielkanalspektrometersystem mit Anschlußbedingungen nach Standard-Interface SI 1.2.

Die Hauptaufgabengebiete der Spektrometrie gammaaktiver Nuklide in der Hauptabteilung Radioaktive Präparate des ZfK Rossendorf sind Nuklididentifizierung, Bestimmung der Radio-nuklidreinheit und Aktivitätsmessung. Die Bearbeitung erfolgt an Vielkanal-Spektrometersystemen (VKA) in Verbindung mit Ge(Li)-Halbleiterdetektoren. Im Zusammenhang mit einem Probenwechslersystem sind in Zukunft routinemäßig große Probenserien abzuarbeiten. Damit wird die für die Datenerfassung verwendete Peripherie der bestimmende Faktor für die Zeit, die zwischen zwei Messungen vergeht. Für die Ausgabe von 2K-Spektren auf Lochband benätigt man Zeiten, die etwa in der Großenordnung der Meßzeit liegen.     

Accuracy and precision of a laser-spectroscopy approach to the analysis of δ2H and δ18O in human urine

The isotope ratio analysis of body water often involves large sample numbers and lengthy sample processing. Here we demonstrate the ability of isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS) to rapidly and accurately analyse the isotope ratios of water in urine. We analysed water extracted from human urine using traditional isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and compared those values with IRIS-analysed extracted water and un-extracted urine. Regression analyses for δ²H and δ¹⁸O values between (1) extracted water analysed via IRMS and IRIS and (2) urine and extracted water analysed via IRIS were significant (R ²=0.99). These results indicate that cryogenic distillation of urine was not required for an accurate estimate of the isotopic composition of urine when using IRIS.     

A mass spectrometric line for tritium analysis of water and noble gas measurements from different water amounts in the range of microlitres and millilitres

This paper describes the procedure followed for noble gas measurements for litres, millilitres and microlitres of water samples in our laboratory, including sample preparation, mass spectrometric measurement procedure, and the complete calibrations. The preparation line extracts dissolved gases from water samples of volumes of 0.2 μ l to 3 l and it separates them as noble and other chemically active gases. Our compact system handles the following measurements: (i) determination of tritium concentration of environmental water samples by the ³He ingrowth method; (ii) noble gas measurements from surface water and groundwater; and (iii) noble gas measurements from fluid inclusions of solid geological archives (e.g. speleothems). As a result, the tritium measurements have a detection limit of 0.012 TU, and the expectation value (between 1 and 20 TU) is within 0.2 % of the real concentrations with a standard deviation of 2.4 %. The reproducibility of noble gas measurements for water samples of 20–40 ml allows us to determine solubility temperatures by an uncertainty better than 0.5 °C. Moreover, noble gas measurements for tiny water amounts (in the microlitre range) show that the results of the performed calibration measurements for most noble gas isotopes occur with a deviation of less than 2 %. Theoretically, these precisions for noble gas concentrations obtained from measurements of waters samples of a few microlitres allow us to determine noble gas temperatures by an uncertainty of less than 1 °C. Here, we present the first noble gas measurements of tiny amounts of artificial water samples prepared under laboratory conditions.     

A novel methodological approach for δ18O analysis of sugars using gas chromatography-pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Although the instrumental coupling of gas chromatography-pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-Py-IRMS) for compound-specific δ¹⁸O analysis has been commercially available for more than a decade, this method has been hardly applied so far. Here we present the first GC-Py-IRMS δ¹⁸O results for trimethylsilyl-derivatives of plant sap-relevant sugars and a polyalcohol (glucose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose and pinitol). Particularly, we focus on sucrose, which is assimilated in leaves and which is the most important transport sugar in plants and hence of utmost relevance in plant physiology and paleoclimate studies. Replication measurements of sucrose standards and concentration series indicate that the GC-Py-IRMS δ¹⁸O measurements are not stable over time and that they are amount (area) dependent. We, therefore, suggest running sample batch replication measurements in alternation with standard concentration series of reference material. This allows for carrying out (i) a drift correction, (ii) a calibration against reference material and (iii) an amount (area) correction. Tests with ¹⁸O-enriched water do not provide any evidence for oxygen isotope exchange reactions affecting sucrose and raffinose. We present the first application of GC-Py-IRMS δ¹⁸O analysis for sucrose from needle extract (soluble carbohydrate) samples. The obtained δ¹⁸O_{sucrose/ Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW)} values are more positive and vary in a wider range (32.1–40.1 ‰) than the δ¹⁸O_{bulk/ VSMOW} values (24.6–27.2 ‰). Furthermore, they are shown to depend on the climate parameters maximum day temperature, relative air humidity and cloud cover. These findings suggest that δ¹⁸O_sucrose of the investigated needles very sensitively reflects the climatically controlled evaporative ¹⁸O enrichment of leaf water and thus highlights the great potential of GC-Py-IRMS δ¹⁸O_sucrose analysis for plant physiology and paleoclimate studies.     

The unknown object problem in a sea with sloping bottom

This article considers the acoustic unknown object problem for a shallow ocean with a sloping seabed. The incident waves are sent from point sources along a s raight line parallel to the sea surface, and the corresponding scattered fields are measured from a line above the unknown object. We prove a uniqueness theorem for the inverse problem,and describe a generalizeddual space indicator method for numerical solution.Numerical results are given in Section 4.     

湖南生产服务业与先进装备制造业产业发展关系研究

以投入产出模型为基础,计算出湖南省生产服务业与先进装备制造业这两行业与各分行业的直接消耗系数、完全消耗系数、感应度系数和影响力系数.研究表明：先进装备制造业消耗力度大于生产服务业,但二者消耗水平均远低于发达国家,先进装备制造业对生产服务业的需求推动力和影响力较强,生产服务业的传统服务部门对产业发展推力较强,但资本、知识密集型生产服务部门作用正日益凸显,创新型部门则有待进一步发展.基于上述结论,提出了以生产服务业促进先进装备制造业发展,以先进装备制造业推动生产服务业发展的政策建议.