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921.
General field theories are considered, within the functional differential formalism of quantum field theory, with interaction Lagrangian densities L
I
(x;λ), with λ a generic coupling constant, such that the following expression ∂
L
I
(x;λ)/∂
λ may be expressed as quadratic functions in dependent fields but may, in general, be arbitrary functions of independent fields. These necessarily include, as special cases, present renormalizable gauge theories. It is shown, in a unified manner,
that the vacuum-to-vacuum transition amplitude (the generating functional) may be explicitly derived in functional differential
form which, in general, leads to modifications to computational rules by including such factors as Faddeev–Popov ones and
modifications thereof which are explicitly obtained. The derivation is given in the presence of external sources and does not rely on any symmetry and invariance arguments as is often done in gauge theories and no
appeal is made to path integrals. 相似文献
922.
An in-depth investigation is made on the problem of an arc-shaped interface insulating crack in a three-phase concentric circular
cylindrical piezoelectric composite constitutive model. An exact solution in series form is derived by employing the complex
variable method. In addition, the distribution of physical quantities such as stresses, strains, electric displacements and
electric fields in the whole field and along the interface is also presented. Explicit expressions for crack opening displacement,
jump in electric potential on the crack surface and the electro-elastic field intensity factors at the crack tips are obtained.
Specific calculations demonstrate that the convergence of the series form solution is satisfactory and that the outer phase
(composite phase) will exert a significant effect on the electro-mechanical coupling response of the composite system. Owing
to the fact that stresses and electric displacements still possess conventional inverse square root singularities, the oscillating
singularities near the crack tip under plane strain conditions will be absent and, as a result, no unphysical interpenetration
phenomenon of the two crack surfaces will occur. In conclusion, the elastic solution obtained is also based on a solid physical
foundation.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.59635140), and the Doctorate Foundation of Xi'an
Jiaotong University. 相似文献
923.
In this paper we analyze the equilibrium phase diagram of the two-dimensional ferromagnetic n.n. Ising model when the external field takes alternating signs on different rows. We show that some of the zero-temperature coexistence lines disappear at every positive sufficiently small temperature, whereas one (and only one) of them persists for sufficiently low temperature. 相似文献
924.
Circularly polarized laser pulses may excite state selective unidirectional toroidal electric ring currents around the axis of oriented linear molecules. These in turn induce state selective magnetic fields. Quantum simulations for AlCl show that these effects are about one or even more than three orders of magnitudes larger than those which may be prepared in oriented planar molecules such as Mg-porphyrin, by means of either circularly polarized laser pulses, or by traditional magnetic fields, respectively. 相似文献
925.
The flow of an electrically conducting incompressible viscous fluid in a plane channel with smooth expansion in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field has been analysed. A solution technique for the governing magnetohydrodynamic equations in primitive variable formulation has been developed. A co‐ordinate transformation has been employed to map the infinite irregular domain into a finite regular computational domain. The governing equations are discretized using finite‐difference approximations in staggered grid. Pressure Poisson equation and pressure correction formulae are derived and solved numerically. It is found that with increase in the magnetic field, the size of the flow separation zone diminishes and for sufficiently large magnetic field, the separation zone disappears completely. The peak u‐velocity decreases with increase in the magnetic field. It is also found that the asymmetric flow in a symmetric geometry, which occurs at moderate Reynolds numbers, becomes symmetric with sufficient increase in the transverse magnetic field. Thus, a transverse magnetic field of suitable strength has a stabilizing effect in controlling flow separation, as also in delaying the transition to turbulence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
926.
In this paper, we propose a new lattice Boltzmann model for the compressible Euler equations. The model is based on a three‐energy‐level and three‐speed lattice Boltzmann equation by using a method of higher moments of the equilibrium distribution functions. In order to obtain second‐order accuracy, we employ the ghost field distribution functions to remove the non‐physical viscous parts. We also use the conditions of the higher moment of the ghost field equilibrium distribution functions to obtain the equilibrium distribution functions. In the numerical examples, we compare the numerical results of this scheme with those obtained by other lattice Boltzmann models for the compressible Euler equations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
927.
本文介绍一种以加速组元为终端负载的纳秒脉冲功率系统。获得的加速间隙电压为350kV,90ns(半高宽),波形上升时间为30ns;Blumlein主开关工作电压大于280kV,抖动小予1.5ns(均方根值)。对同轴场畸变开关性能的进一步改善作了必要的讨论,提出了用等场强原则偏置触发极,比通常采用自然中位面方法,可使开关工作电压提高8.7%。 相似文献
928.
929.
The corrosion behavior and surface morphology of Ni–SiC composite coatings produced by electrodeposition with the aid of magnetic
field were studied. The results of the electrochemical analysis including polarization resistance and potentiodynamic polarization
curves showed that a magnetic field of 0.1 T could significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the composite. The electrochemical
impedance spectra revealed that a passive layer was formed on the surface of the Ni–SiC coating with the magnetic field. The
microstructures of electrodeposited Ni–SiC composite coatings were also examined. More SiC particles were found to be incorporated
into the coating with the presence of magnetic field, which was considered to be one of the reasons for the enhancement of
corrosion resistance as SiC particles were reported to be corrosion inhibitors.
Contribution to special issue “Magnetic field effects in Electrochemistry” 相似文献
930.
The theoretical hybridization model of Vega is adapted to the tetrahedral environment around the nitrogen nucleus in eleven
amino acids to estimate the orbital occupation numbers using the experimental values of the quadrupole coupling constant and
asymmetry parameter of14N quadrupole resonance and the results are discussed. 相似文献