Study on the Structure of TiO2 Thin Film by Means of Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy

The diffuse reflectance infrared spectra of TiO₂ thin films deposited on different base materials and formed under different experimental conditions(temperature, ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to water and adulteration of different metallic elements) were determined and the structure of the films were discussed.     

TiO2 photocatalysis for the degradation of pollutants in gas phase: From morphological design to plasmonic enhancement

TiO₂-based photocatalysis has become a viable technology in various application fields such as (waste)water purification, photovoltaics/artificial photosynthesis, environmentally friendly organic synthesis and remediation of air pollution. Because of the increasing impact of bad air quality worldwide, this review focuses on the use and optimization of TiO₂-based photocatalysts for gas phase applications. Over the past years various specific aspects of TiO₂ photocatalysis have been reviewed individually. The intent of this review is to offer a broad tutorial on (recent) trends in TiO₂ photocatalyst modification for the intensification of photocatalytic air treatment. After briefly introducing the fundamentals of photocatalysis, TiO₂ photocatalyst modification is discussed both on a morphological and an electronic level from the perspective of gas phase applications. The main focus is laid on recent developments, but also possible opportunities to the field. This review is intended as a solid introduction for researchers new to the field, as well as a summarizing update for established investigators.     

Photocatalytic and optical properties of titanium dioxide thin films prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

Titanium dioxide thin films have been deposited by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) over sodalime glass substrates at substrate temperatures ranging from 250 °C to 450 °C. The effect of deposition temperature on the structure and microstructure of the obtained films has been studied by x-rays diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Diffraction patterns show the existence of a pure anatase phase beside a texture change with the increase of deposition temperature. Micrographs show grain fragmentation with the increase in deposition temperature. UV–Vis. spectra have been recorded by spectrophotometery. The optical energy gap has been calculated for the deposited films from the spectrophotometrical data. Photocatalytic experiments have been carried out. The photocatalytic activity has been found to decrease with the increase in deposition temperature.     

Enhancement of Antibacterial Capability of Cotton Textiles Coated with TiO2–SiO2/Chitosan Using Hydrophobization

Since textiles have a porous and hydrophilic structure, they are ideal substrates for the settlement and growth of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, fabrication of hydrophobic textiles to reduce their humidity has the potential to inhibit the growth of bacteria. On this basis, we report here an improvement of the antibacterial capability of textiles coated with TiO₂–SiO₂/chitosan using hydrophobization. Synthesis of TiO₂–SiO₂ clusters with chitosan was carried out using the sol–gel technique. In addition, hydrophobization of the textiles using hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) was carried out using a dip‐spin coating method. In addition, their characteristics were examined using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV‐DRS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), water contact angle, and antibacterial activity. XRD, SEM, UV‐DRS, FTIR, and water contact angle confirmed the physical and chemical properties of the modified textiles. In summary, the present work shows that the hydrophobization of textiles using HDTMS can enhance the antibacterial capability of cotton textiles.     

Deuterium NMR of Strained Swollen Crossunked Elastomers: Effect of Crosslink Density on the Orientational Order of Chain Segments

The 2H NMR of uniaxially strained swollen chloroprene rubbers and butadiene-styrene copolymers with different crosslink densities is studied. the relative number of chain segments between cross-links of various samples is obtained. the results are in approximate agreement with those obtained from the Flory equilibrium-swelling method. It is found that the enhancement factor G depends not only on the lattice-walk model and swelling of rubber, such as Tanaka etc. expected, but also on the crosslink density and the structure of the rubber. the formula relating G to the number of chain segments between cross links is derived from theory. Moreover, we can also estimate the relation between the enhancement factor Gr of real rubber and G calculated from the theory of the lattice model. the 2H NMR results of these samples indicate that the interaction between chain segments decreases with increasing crosslink density.     

Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Ti＋（CO2）2Ar and Ti＋（CO2）n （n=3-7） Complexes

Ti＋（CO2）2Ar and Ti＋（CO2）n （n=3-7） complexes are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed supersonic expansion. The ion complexes of interest are each mass-selected in a time- of-flight spectrometer, and studied with infrared photodissociation spectroscopy. For each complex, a sharp band in the CO stretching frequency region is observed, which confirms the formation of the OTi＋CO（CO2）~_l oxide-carbonyl species. Small OTi＋CO（CO2）~_1 complexes （n_〈5） exhibit CO stretching and antisymmetric CO2 stretching vibrational bands that are blue-shifted from those of free CO and CO2. The experimental observations indicate that the coordination number of CO and CO2 molecules around TiO＋ is five. Evidence is also observed for the presence of another electrostatic bonding Ti＋（CO2）2 structural isomer for the Ti＋（CO2）2Ar complex, which is characterized to have a bent OCO-Ti＋-OCO structure stabilized by argon coordination.     

Nano composite system based on coumarin derivative–titanium dioxide nanoparticles and ionic liquid: Determination of levodopa and carbidopa in human serum and pharmaceutical formulations

The combination of coumarin derivative (7-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)-9,10-dihydroxy-6H-benzofuro[3,2-c]chromen-6-on), (DC)–titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂) and ionic liquid (IL) yields nanostructured electrochemical sensor, formed a novel kind of structurally uniform and electrocatalytic activity material. This new ionic liquid–TiO₂ nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode (IL–CTP) due to its enhanced conductivity presented very large current response from electroactive substrates. The modified electrode was characterized by different methods including a scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and voltammetry. A pair of well-defined quasi reversible redox peaks of coumarin derivative was obtained at the modified carbon paste electrode (DC/IL–CTP) by direct electron transfer between the coumarin derivative and the CP electrode. Dramatically enhanced electrocatalytic activity was exemplified at the DC/IL–CTP electrode, as an electrochemical sensor to study the electro oxidation of levodopa (LD) and carbidopa (CD). Based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the oxidation of LD and CD exhibited the dynamic range between 0.10– 900.0 μM and 20.0–900.0 μM respectively, and the detection limit (3σ) for LD and CD were 41 nM and 0.38 μM, respectively. DPV was used for simultaneous determination of LD and CD at the DC/IL–CTP electrode, and quantitation of LD and CD in some real samples (such as tablets of Parkin-C Fort and Madopar, Sinemet, water, urine, and human blood serum) by the standard addition method.     

PPy modified titanium foam electrode with high performance for supercapacitor

Pyrrole was polymerized on the surface of titanium foam using FeCl₃ as oxidant and the as-synthesized product could be directly used as electrode for supercapacitor. The globular polypyrrole (PPy) particles were firmly loaded on the substrate with high density. The morphology study of PPy film is observed in SEM images, the XRD, FTIR and UV–vis spectra reveal the structure and crystalline of PPy nanoparticles. The electrochemical properties of PPy modified electrode are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) and cycle life techniques. The electrochemical measurements showed such a PPy–Ti electrode had a wide working potential window, a high specific capacitance of 855 F g⁻¹ and excellent cycle stability at a discharge current density of 1 A g⁻¹.     

金属对钛硅分子筛TS-1催化丁二烯环氧化性能的影响

制备了不同金属改性的钛硅分子筛样品M-TS-1 (M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, La, 负载量为1%), 并研究了其催化丁二烯环氧化反应的性能. 结果表明, V, Cr, Mn的加入导致H₂O₂无效分解, 因而在丁二烯环氧化反应中表现出较高的H₂O₂转化率和较低有效利用率; Fe, Co, Ni以及稀土金属La均在一定程度上促进了TS-1对H₂O₂的有效利用; Cu, Zn抑制了H₂O₂的转化, 使得H₂O₂转化率和有效利用率都较低; Cd有效提高了TS-1的催化活性, H₂O₂转化率和有效利用率均接近100%. 采用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱等手段表征了上述各金属的改性对TS-1骨架结构以及Ti活性中心周围电子环境的影响. 结果表明, 各M-TS-1样品的骨架结构都仍保持原有的MFI构型, 但是TS-1中Ti活性中心周围的电子环境受到来自各种金属的不同程度影响, 关联催化活性时没有特定的规律性.     

钯氮共掺杂TiO2的制备与表征及其可见光催化活性

在空气气氛和N₂中热处理表面均匀分散有尿素和氯化钯的纳米管钛酸,制备了两个系列Pd/N共掺杂的TiO₂光催化剂,并对所得样品进行了X射线衍射、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、荧光光谱和电子自旋共振等表征.结果表明,焙烧气氛对样品的形貌、晶体结构、光谱吸收、生成的氧空位浓度和可见光光催化性能的影响很大,其中在空气气氛中制备的样品光催化性能优于在N₂中制备的样品.在可见光(λ≥420nm)照射下,以丙烯为模型污染物考察了样品的光催化活性,发现在空气中400℃下焙烧的样品具有最佳的可见光催化活性.另外,讨论了Pd/N共掺杂TiO₂光催化剂具有可见光响应的机理,认为掺杂的Pd/N元素和制备过程中生成的氧空位是影响可见光催化性能的重要因素.