Fabrication of starch blend films with different matrices and their mechanical properties

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of molecular sizes of amylose (AM) and starch granules on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch (TPS) blend films. Leached amylose solution from cassava (CS_ AM) and mung bean (MB_AM), and two forms of amylopectin (AP) (granular; g and non-granular; ng) of waxy cassava (WxCS) starch were used. Four types of film matrices were fabricated and all TPS blend films contained same amount of AM and glycerol. Results displayed that molecular weight profiles of starch films and presence of granule remnants significantly controlled the film matrix formation, types of crystal formation, and percent of relative crystallinity (%RC) (p < 0.05). Tensile property of TPS films was controlled by %RC and presence of granule remnants. Percent elongation at break (%E_b) of TPS films increased when the films had a large range of molecular weight distribution (from 5.5 × 10⁷ g/mol to 0.4 × 10⁵ g/mol) and contained a high weight fraction (~58%) of starch molecules with M_w~0.4 × 10⁵ g/mol.     

铜基脱硫剂的TPS研究

煤气化联合循环发电（IGCC）技术由于具有较高的热效率和良好的环保效果而得到迅速的发展，IGCC技术的利用成为二十一世纪的必然趋势，作为整体技术主要组成部分之一的热煤气净化技术也越来越得到重视.美国能源部为此投入了大量的资金，资助摩根城能源中心、麻省理工学院等从事     

WO3在不同担体上的程序升温硫化研究

利用ＴＰＳ方法考察了ＷＯ３在γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３及活性碳上的硫化过程，结果发现，随着ＷＯ２担载量的增加，表面Ｗ物种硫化峰的数目增加，表明ＷＯ３的的担载量超过一定量后，在这三种担体表面，都有几种Ｗ物种同时存在：ＷＯ３／ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３与ＷＯ３／Ａｌ２Ｏ３相比，当ＷＯ３担载量低于一个单层分布时，硫化温度明显降低，而超过一个单层分布后，两者的硫化温度相接近，表明ＴｉＯ２的调变作用对低     

Reducing water absorption in compostable starch-based plastics

To improve the mechanical and physical properties of corn starch-based bioplastics the addition of natural polymers was investigated. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) was made of 70 g corn starch and 30 g glycerol. To this mixture 10–10 g of cellulose, hemicellulose and zein (protein) were added. Mechanical strength, water absorption and enzymatic degradation of composite materials were measured. Unfilled TPS and 10 w/w% polycaprolactone filled TPS were used as controls in the experiments. All the samples were biodegradable by enzymes. The tensile strength of unfilled and biopolymer filled TPS samples were significantly higher than that of the polycaprolactone filled one. Hemicellulose and zein composites had the best mechanical strength (10.4 and 11.5 MPa). Water uptake of each sample was measured using five different relative humidities. There were slight differences in water uptake of polycaprolactone, hemicellulose and zein filled TPS, however unfilled and cellulose filled samples absorbed more moisture than the polycaprolactone control in all the relative humidities used.     

A numerical method for solving the hyperbolic telegraph equation

Recently, it is found that telegraph equation is more suitable than ordinary diffusion equation in modelling reaction diffusion for such branches of sciences. In this article, we propose a numerical scheme to solve the one‐dimensional hyperbolic telegraph equation using collocation points and approximating the solution using thin plate splines radial basis function. The scheme works in a similar fashion as finite difference methods. The results of numerical experiments are presented, and are compared with analytical solutions to confirm the good accuracy of the presented scheme. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008     

热塑性淀粉/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物复合材料的制备与性能

利用熔融共混的方法,制备得到热塑性淀粉/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物（TPS/EVOH）复合材料,并对该复合体系的加工性能、机械性能、动态力学性能、流变性能以及吸水性进行了研究.结果表明：随着EVOH含量增加,复合材料中分子间作用力加强;复合体系的机械性能得到改善;当EVOH含量到达30%后,复合材料的吸水性明显降低.     

飞船返回舱气动热及烧蚀防热的不确定性初步研究

由于飞船返回舱的气动加热和热化学烧蚀是非常复杂的变化过程,许多参数很难测定,并且与材料制造工艺水平密切相关,目前使用的数据存在较大散布,需要研究这些不确定因素对防热效果的具体影响。本文数值模拟了炭化材料的烧蚀热响应过程,研究了气动加热及材料参数的不确定性对计算结果的影响,在对计算结果进行分析的基础上,定量地研究了这些不确定量对烧蚀防热影响大小,说明了防热材料的各物理量对烧蚀防热影响重要程度完全不同,应该对几个关键参数进行深入细致的研究。     

Preparation and Characterisation of Thermoplastic Starches from Cassava Starch,Cassava Root and Cassava Bagasse

Summary: Thermoplastic starches (TPS) based on cassava starch have been produced by extrusion at 120 °C, using glycerol as plasticizer. Three forms of cassava starch were employed, viz: cassava root (CR), cassava bagasse (CB) and purified cassava starch (PCS). The main differences between these are the presence of sugars and a few fibres in CR and high fibre concentration in CB. Conditions of processing and characteristics such as amylose and fibre content, crystallinity, water absorption and mechanical behaviour in the tension x deformation test were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the PCS and CR had amylose contents consistent with literature values (14–18%) and that CB is a material constituted mainly by amylopectin. It was found that fibres in high proportions (as in the bagasse) can confer reinforcement properties and are thus able to generate natural composites of TPS with cellulose fibre. The sugars naturally found in the root reduce the elongation of the TPS under tension. The PCS and CR TPS were stable with respect to indices of crystallinity after processing; and during a period of 90 d in a relative humidity of 53%, while the CB TPS tended to vary its crystallinity, probably because its amylose chain had low degree of polymerization.