臭氧标准参考光度计间接比对技术

参照国际计量局有关臭氧标准参考光度计(Standard Reference Photometer,SRP)间接比对的操作规程和美国环境保护署有关臭氧参考光度计之间比对验证的规定,采用臭氧传递标准,通过比对前的准备、比对过程的确定、比对结果的处理、比对指标的评价等步骤,开展了臭氧标准参考光度计间接比对实验。以SRPⅠ与SRPⅡ间接比对为例,SRPⅠ与SRPⅡ间接比对所得两个关系式的斜率分别为1.003 26和1.003 58,截距分别为0.109 05 nmol/mol和0.080 99 nmol/mol,结果显示两台SRP之间具有很好的一致性,比对结果符合美国环境保护署关于SRP之间比对的指标。建立了臭氧标准参考光度计之间的比对方法,适用于环境空气臭氧量值传递源头间的比对。     

超光谱成像仪图像均匀性校正

为获得高质量新型超光谱成像仪图像,根据新型超光谱成像仪图像特点,对其图像均匀性校正进行研究。利用转台旋转模拟超光谱成像仪对地面推扫,对景物成像获得超光谱成像仪三维数据;采用太阳作为新型超光谱成像仪图像均匀性校正光源,应用相应校正系数对超光谱成像仪的数据进行处理。结果表明：所采用校正方法对新型超光谱成像仪具有很好校正效果,同时也验证了新型成像光谱仪具有较高成像质量;单像元校正时间为2×10-6s,大数据量图像校正需较长时间;利用太阳照射漫反射板作为扩展源对亮度均匀物体图像进行校正,校正均匀性小于4%。     

Wave Instabilities of a Collisionless Plasma in Fluid Approximation

Wave properties and instabilities in a magnetized, anisotropic, collisionless, rarefied hot plasma in fluid approx‐imation are studied, using the 16‐moments set of the transport equations obtained from the Vlasov equations. These equations differ from the CGL‐MHD fluid model (single fluid equations by Chew, Goldberger, and Low [5,9]) by including two anisotropic heat flux evolution equations, where the fluxes invalidate the double polytropic CGL laws. We derived the general dispersion relation for linear compressible wave modes. Besides the classic incompressible fire hose modes there appear four types of compressible wave modes: two fast and slow mirror modes – strongly modified compared to the CGL model – and two thermal modes. In the presence of initial heat fluxes along the magnetic field the wave properties become different for the waves running forward and backward with respect to the magnetic field. The well known discrepancies between the results of the CGL‐MHD fluid model and the kinetic theory are now removed: i) The mirror slow mode instability criterion is now the same as that in the kinetic theory. ii) Similarly, in kinetic studies there appear two kinds of fire hose instabilities ‐ incompressible and compressible ones. These two instabilities can arise for the same plasma parameters, and the instability of the new compressible oblique fire hose modes can become dominant. The compressible fire hose instability is the result of the resonance coupling of three retrograde modes ‐ two thermal modes and a fast mirror mode. The results can be applied to the theory of solar and stellar coronal and wind models (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

High‐Precision Equation‐of‐State Formalisms for Solar and Stellar Modeling

For solar and stellar modeling, a high‐quality equation of state is crucial. In addition, however, helioseismic and asteroseismic observations put constraints on the physical formalisms. Thus they effectively turn the Sun and the stars into laboratories for dense plasmas. Currently, the main astrophysical beneficiary of a good equation of state is the seismic determination of the chemical composition of the interior of the Sun and stars (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Eruptive events in the solar atmosphere: new insights from theory and 3-D numerical modelling

Ejections of magnetised plasma from the Sun, commonly known as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are one of the most stunning manifestations of solar activity. These ejections play a leading role in the Sun–Earth connection, because of their large-scale, energetics and direct impact on the space environment near the Earth. As CMEs evolve in the solar corona and interplanetary space they drive shock waves, which act as powerful accelerators of charged particles in the inner solar system. Some of these particles, known as solar energetic particles (SEPs), can strike our planet, and in doing so they can disrupt satellites and knock out power systems on the ground, among other effects. These particles, along with the intensive X-ray radiation from solar flares, also endanger human life in outer space. That is why it is important for space scientists to understand and predict the ever changing environmental conditions in outer space due to solar eruptive events – the so-called space weather. To enable the development of accurate space weather forecast, in the past three decades solar scientists have been challenged to provide an improved understanding of the physical causes of the CME phenomenon and its numerous effects. This paper summarises the most recent advances from theory and modelling in understanding the origin and evolution of solar eruptive events and related phenomena.     

紫外-可见分光光度计的应用与维修

主要介绍了TU1221型紫外一可见分光光度计的原理、应用及维修,对错误代码NG1、NG2、NG8、NG9等常见故障现象进行了原因分析与排除．     

GPC普适标定对长链支化聚氯乙烯适用性的研究

用GPC-连续型粘度计-小角激光光散射光度计三联用装置研究了GPC普适标定对长链支化聚氯乙烯试样的适用性问题。结果证实:支化度因子在0.4以上的所有支化聚氯乙烯级份和线形聚氯乙烯级份一样,普适标定均是适用的。     

可见到近红外波段整层大气光谱透过率的测量研究

利用太阳光谱辐射计进行了可见到近红外波段整层大气连续光谱透过率的测量研究.在对太阳辐射计可靠定标的条件下,通过测量太阳直射光谱,运用Langley方法推算到达大气层顶的太阳辐射,最终获得了该波段范围内的连续大气光谱透过率及特殊波长上的透过率的实际变化情况.通过分析晴天无云大气条件下不同时间、不同气溶胶含量、不同季节、不同气溶胶模式下的大气透过率特征,初步获得了其变化规律,为大气层外目标探测提供了一些基础.     

A solar radio moving type Ⅳ burst of expanding arches type involving multi-sources

A complex solar radio moving type IV burst was observed on 23 September 1998 with the broadband (1.0-2.0 GHz and 2.6-3.8 GHz) spectrometers with high temporal and spectral resolutions at National Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC). Comparing to the high spatial resolution data of Siberian Solar Radio Telescope (SSRT), we find that this burst is a rare type of moving type IV burst which is caused by the expanding arches, and the spatial structure oscillations of the radio sources are related with the time structure pulsations of the radio emission. Furthermore, the burst is associated with the multiple quasi-periodic long-term pulsations, and this suggests the existence of multi-scale magnetic structures in a large expanding coronal arch. We think the moving type IV burst is due to the synchrotron emission of the energetic electrons trapped in the expanding arch, and the multiple quasi-periodic pulsations are due to the second harmonic plasma emission.