Pt2(HSO4)2(SO4)2, the First Binary Sulfate of Platinum

Red single crystals of Pt₂(HSO₄)₂(SO₄)₂ were obtained by the reaction of elemental platinum with conc. sulfuric acid at 350 °C in sealed glass ampoules. The crystal structure (monoclinic, P2₁/c, Z = 2, a = 868.6(2), b = 826.2(1), c = 921.8(2) pm, β=116.32(1)°, R_all = 0.0348) shows dumbbell shaped Pt₂⁶⁺ cations which are coordinated by four SO₄^2— and two HSO₄^— ions. Each of the sulfate ions is attached to another Pt₂⁶⁺ ion yielding layers according to equation/tex2gif-stack-1.gif[Pt₂(SO₄)_4/2(HSO₄)_2/1]. The layers are connected by hydrogen bonds with the OH group of the hydrogensulfate ion as donor and the non‐bonding oxygen atom of the sulfate ion as acceptor.     

南昌市PM_(2.5)中硫酸盐、硝酸盐及其气态前体物的分布特征与转化机制

2014年1月至2015年1月,在南昌市3种类型采样点(混合区、主干道旁侧、燃煤电厂附近),对大气PM_(2.5)中SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-及其气体前体物SO_2、NO_2进行同步采样,通过分析硫氧化速率(SOR)和氮氧化速率(NOR),对PM_(2.5)中硫酸盐和硝酸盐的来源、形成机制和影响因素进行探讨。结果表明,南昌市SO_2浓度18.9~74.8μg/m~3,NO_2浓度29.7~62.6μg/m~3,PM_(2.5)中SO_4~(2-)浓度13.7~28.4μg/m~3,NO_3~-浓度3.9~39.9μg/m~3,SOR值0.28~0.60,NOR值0.09~0.33。SO_2、NO_2、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-和SOR、NOR的季节分布和日分布,反映硫酸盐和硝酸盐的二次生成受气象条件、环境条件和排放源的影响。SOR与NOR的季节分布正好相反,日分布也差异较大,反映生成机制不同。SO_2、NO_2、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-和SOR、NOR在不同采样点的分布,反映燃煤烟气和机动车尾气增加SO_2、NO_2的浓度,促进SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-的二次生成。[NO_3~-]/[SO_4~(2-)]春、夏、秋、冬分别为0.86、0.15、0.83、0.70,反映南昌市机动车尾气贡献比例较大;[NO_3~-]/[SO_4~(2-)]受硫酸盐和硝酸盐在不同季节的二次生成机制和速率的影响,也受排放源的影响。     

Plasmonic osmium hydrosols: Preparation,characterization, and properties

A simple route for the synthesis of mesoporous and plasmonic chitosan supported osmium hydrosols (Os⁰) has been reported using osmium (III)-sodium borohydride redox reaction at room temperature. The composition and morphology of nanoparticles were determined with XRD, XPS, TEM, EDX, SEM, FTIR and N₂-adsorption desorption techniques. No SPR band of Os⁰ at 485 nm was observed for the same redox reaction with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for ca. 120 min at room temperature. The surface oxidation of Os⁰ into OsO₂ was detected by XRD and XPS. XRD shows the presence of chitosan onto the surface of nanoparticles. The average pore size, and pore volume were found to be 7.23 nm, and 0.239 cc/g, respectively, for Os⁰. The persulfate activation catalytic activity was tested in situ chemical oxidation of basic red 2 (safranin) under activated and un-activated persulfate. Safranin was adsorbed onto the Os⁰ and complex was formed. The oxidation of dye follows pseudo-first order kinetics (k_app = 14.8 × 10^-3 min⁻¹ at [S₂O₈^2-] = 3.3 mM). The activated system showed a much higher dye oxidation rate compared to either S₂O₈^2- or Os⁰ alone. The activation energy (E_a = 105 kJ/mol) was calculated for the system by using Arrhenius equation. The reaction mechanism of Os⁰ activation of persulfate was elucidated and discussed.     

Electron-Transfer Protocol for the Hydroxyalkenylation of Alkenes Using 1,2-Bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene

We report a protocol for alkene hydroxyalkenylation. Using a persulfate anion as a one-electron-oxidation reagent and 1,2-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene as a radical acceptor in the presence of water, alkenes were converted into the corresponding 1-phenylsulfonyl-4-hydroxyalkenes in good to high yields. The hydroxyalkenylation process involves the nucleophilic hydroxylation of alkene radical cations to give β-hydroxyalkyl radicals, which, after a radical addition/β-elimination sequence, provide the products. We also report a photocatalytic protocol for alkoxyalkenylation.     

V-Ce/TiO2脱硝催化剂的SO2中毒机理研究

通过表相、体相硫组分的表征分析,结合不同温度下含硫气氛下的活性演变及原位红外研究,获得了VCe(0.1)/TiO2催化剂在180、240和300℃下含硫氛围的NH3-SCR反应中毒机理. 180℃下催化剂上沉积了大量的硫酸氢铵和少量的金属硫酸盐,共同导致在8 h内活性从77.8%降至51.2%,热再生后的活性测试结果表明硫酸氢铵的沉积导致了催化剂活性降低8.3%,金属硫酸盐的沉积导致了催化剂活性降低18.3%.原位红外结果表明中毒后催化剂在180℃下的NH3-SCR反应遵循L-H反应路径.随着温度升高至240、300℃,催化剂上沉积的硫酸氢铵逐渐减少,金属硫酸盐含量增加.不同温度下的抗硫活性结果表明,低温NH3-SCR反应需要较高的氧化还原性能,中高温NH3-SCR反应则需要较高的酸性,金属硫酸盐的生成导致了氧化还原性能降低、酸性增加,因此低温NH3-SCR活性大幅降低,中高温活性则能保持在100%.     

Solvothermal Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Properties of a New Organic Templated Lanthanum Sulfate [C4N3H16][La(SO4)3(H2O)]

A new organic templated lanthanum sulfate [C₄N₃H₁₆][La(SO₄)₃(H₂O)] ( 1 ) has been solvothermally synthesized by using n‐butanol as solvent. The colorless block crystals were characterized by IR, TGA, ICP, and XRD. The structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a = 10.8878(19), b = 15.478(3), c = 9.9639(18) Å, β = 114.062(2)°, V=1533.2(5) ų, Z = 4]. Crystal structure analysis shows that the one dimensional chain of 1 consists of the LaO₉ polyhedra and the sulfate groups. Coordination water molecules link adjacent chains by using hydrogen bonds to generate 2D layers, whereas the organic amines are inserted between the layers. The formation of 1 demonstrates that solvents play an important role during the synthesis.     

SO2在Fe2O3颗粒表面不同温度下非均相反应的实验模拟

使用漫反射Fourier变换红外光谱(DFTIRS)、离子色谱(IC)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对不同温度条件下SO2在α-Fe2O3颗粒表面的非均相反应过程进行实验模拟和监测, 并分析了反应剧烈波段(8.7 μm)的产物硫酸盐以及颗粒吸收和后向散射光学系数的变化. 结果表明, 在15-45 ℃内, 硫酸盐生成量、生成速率以及吸收系数、后向散射系数都随反应温度的升高而呈现先增加后减少的趋势; 同一反应温度下, 硫酸盐生成速率随时间呈现先增大后减小, 最后逐渐趋于稳定的演变; 光学系数变化与硫酸盐生成量之间存在较好的指数关系. 在当前全球气候变暖背景下, 研究结果将对深入了解真实大气中SO2与矿尘非均相反应造成的气溶胶光学特性演变, 以及定量评估其辐射强迫影响具有一定意义.     

Influence of sulfate and nitrate uptake from aqueous solutions on surface exchange in Purolite A-520E resin

Removal of nitrate anions from aqueous solutions is the principal goal of many studies concerning water treatment. The ion exchanger capacity to remove nitrate from water was investigated using commercial type A-520E anion exchange resins. The nitrate and sulfate ion exchanger capacity, in static conditions, depends on the concentration of ions and on the pH value of the aqueous solution. The local structural environment exchanged on A-520E has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and 2D and 3D atomic force microscopy (AFM). All images of the ion exchanger were obtained before and after contact with solutions that contain NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ separately as well as mixtures of both.     

Intracellularly grown gold nanoislands as SERS substrates for monitoring chromate,sulfate and nitrate localization sites in remediating bacteria biofilms by Raman chemical imaging

Understanding the chemical composition of biofilm matrices is vital in different fields of biology such as surgery, dental medicine, synthetic grafts and bioremediation. The knowledge of biofilm development, composition, active reduction sites and remediation efficacy will help in the development of effective solutions and evaluation of remediating approaches prior to implementation. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based imaging is an invaluable tool to obtain an understanding of the remediating efficacy of microorganisms and its role in the formation of organic and inorganic compounds in biofilms. We demonstrate for the first time, the presence of chromate, sulfate, nitrate and reduced trivalent chromium in soil biofilms. In addition, we demonstrate that SERS imaging was able to validate two observations made by previous studies on chromate/sulfate and chromate/nitrate interactions in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilms. Additionally, we show a detailed Raman mapping based evidence of the existence of chromate–sulfate competition for cellular entry. Subsequently, we use Raman mapping to study the effect of nitrate on chromate reduction. The findings presented in this paper are among the first to report – detection of multiple metallic ions in bacterial biofilms using intracellular SERS substrates. Such a detailed characterization of biofilms using gold nanoislands based SERS mapping substrate can be extended to study cellular localization of other metallic ions and chemical species of biological and toxicological significance and their effect on reduction reactions in bacterial biofilms.