Studies on chemical constituents of Flos Puerariae-Semen Hoveniae medicine pair by HPLC and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Alcoholic liver disease is currently the most clinically concerning liver disease, which occurs from chronic alcohol abuse. Flos Puerariae and Semen Hoveniae have been used to treat alcohol drinking excessively for thousands of years in China. In this study, the ethanol extract of the medicine pair was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. First, the high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint was established to obtain the overall chromatographic data of its chemical constituents. Next, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to identify its chemical constituents. Then, the characteristic constituents were simultaneously quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the chemical constituents that were absorbed into rat plasma were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. As a result, a total of 48 chemical constituents in the medicine pair were detected and identified in vitro. Meanwhile, the content of seven representative constituents, including dihydromyricetin, glycitin, genistin, tectoridin, glycitein, genistein, and tectorigenin were simultaneously determined. Furthermore, a total of 19 chemical constituents were detected in rat plasma after oral administration. In short, the chemical constituents of the medicine pair were initially investigated in this study, which will lay the foundation for the discovery of its pharmacodynamic substances in further works.     

加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱-电喷雾飞行时间质谱联用分析莲子心中生物碱

建立了加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱-电喷雾飞行时间质谱(ASE-HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF/MS)联用技术分析莲子心中生物碱类化合物的方法。采用ASE法对药材进行提取,萃取温度为100℃,压力为9646kPa,时间为10min。采用HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF/MS联用技术对其中的化学成分进行了分离鉴定,HPLC采用AgilentEclipseXDB-C18色谱柱;流动相为0.1%三乙胺溶液,用氨水调pH=8.0(A),色谱纯乙腈(B),梯度洗脱;进样量为20μL,流速:1.0mL/min;检测波长:282nm。ESI-TOF/MS采用正离子电离模式,毛细管电压:4500V;喷雾气压:310.05kPa;干燥气(N2)流速:10.0L/min;干燥气温度:350℃,破碎电压:150V。鉴定了其中的6种生物碱分别为:前荷叶碱、莲心季铵碱、莲心碱、异莲心碱、荷叶碱和甲基莲心碱。     

车前子多糖的测定方法研究

建立了一种准确测定车前子中多糖的方法。采用苯酚-硫酸法测定车前子中多糖量,以木糖作为标准对照物,检测波长480 nm。实验结果表明,车前子中多糖平均值为9.04%,平均加标回收率为98.2%,RSD=1.7%(n=6)。此测定方法适用于车前子多糖含量的测定,也可为其他戊糖含量高的多糖测定提供参考。     

Determination of four major saponins in the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge using accelerated solvent extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray-time of flight mass spectrometry

A new method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) followed by a reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and positive ion electrospray-time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF/MS) analysis has been developed for the characterization and quantification of four major saponins in extracts of the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge (Semen Aesculi). The saponins escin Ia, escin Ib, isoescin Ia and isoescin Ib were extracted from seeds of A. chinesis Bunge via ASE, and the operational parameters of ASE were optimized, such as extraction solvent, extraction temperature, static extraction time and extraction cycles. The optimized procedure employed 70% MeOH as extraction solvent, 120 °C of extraction temperature, 7 min of static extraction time, 60% flush volume and the extraction recoveries of the four compounds were nearly to 100% for two cycles. The HPLC conditions are as follows: SinoChrom ODS BP C₁₈ (4.6 mm × 200 mm, 5 μm) column, acetonitrile and 0.10% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase, flow rate is 1.0 mL min⁻¹, detection length of UV is 203 nm, injection volume is 10 μL. The results indicated that the developed HPLC method is simple, sensitive and reliable for the determination of four major saponins in seeds of A. chinesis Bunge with a good linearity (r² > 0.9994), precision (relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) <1.5%) and the recovery ranges of 95.2-97.3%. The limits of detection (LOD) of the four compounds were in the range of 0.40-0.75 μg mL⁻¹. This assay can be readily utilized as a quality control method for Semen Aesculi and other related medicinal plants.     

UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS结合化学计量学方法研究酸枣仁入血成分

建立了一种基于超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术结合化学计量学快速分析酸枣仁入血成分的方法。以腹腔注射对氯苯丙氨酸(PCPA)建立失眠大鼠模型,给药组连续灌胃给予酸枣仁水提物(30 g/kg)5 d后,分别收集模型组和给药组的血清样品。采用Oasis PRIME HLB 96孔板对血清样品预处理,以超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道离子阱质谱(UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS)进行数据采集,最后采用主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)及变量投影重要性分析(VIP)筛选差异性的原型化合物及代谢产物。共鉴定和推断了20个入血成分,包括11个原型成分及9个代谢产物。研究结果为进一步深入探讨酸枣仁改善失眠的效应物质提供了基础。     

基于高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱法的苦杏仁与桃仁化学成分差异研究

采用高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(HPLC-Q-TOF MS)技术对苦杏仁与桃仁甲醇提取物中的化学成分进行鉴定,同时利用化学模式识别方法分析了2种中药的差异成分。采用Agilent SB-C18(150 mm×3.0 mm,2.7 μm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用电喷雾离子源,在正、负离子模式下采集数据。对色谱图中各色谱峰进行精确质量数识别,结合数据库及二级质谱裂解规律对化学成分进行定性分析。利用 Profinder软件进行预处理,结合 SIMCA-P软件,建立了主成分分析(PCA)与正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)统计模型,进行差异性成分分析。苦杏仁与桃仁中共鉴定得到29个共有化学成分,其中苦杏仁苷、野黑樱苷、扁桃酸酰胺-β-龙胆二糖苷、扁桃酸-β-龙胆二糖苷、扁桃酸-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷和苄基-β-龙胆二糖苷等糖苷类化合物是苦杏仁与桃仁主要的难挥发化学成分。其中,15个化学成分在苦杏仁与桃仁中存在显著差异,主要包括糖苷类、氨基酸类与脂肪酸类等3类化合物。丙基-β-龙胆二糖苷在苦杏仁与桃仁中差异明显,可作为区分苦杏仁与桃仁潜在的化学标志物。该研究为苦杏仁与桃仁的药效研究及质量控制提供了数据支持。     

基于高效液相色谱定量指纹图谱和液相色谱-质谱联用定量的酸枣仁提取物质量考察

酸枣仁具有显著的改善睡眠和抗焦虑等作用,其提取物在助眠类功能食品开发中应用前景广阔。但目前市场上酸枣仁提取物质量参差不齐,缺乏统一标准,企业在使用时面临较大的质量风险,因此亟须建立一种准确、全面的内控质量评价方法。针对酸枣仁提取物中黄酮和皂苷两类主要活性成分紫外响应差异巨大且水提物中皂苷成分含量低的问题,该研究建立了酸枣仁水提物HPLC定量指纹图谱方法,共标定了8个共有峰。通过对照品指认、文献比对以及高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱数据解析,8个共有峰均为黄酮类化合物,该方法可同时实现7种黄酮成分的半定量对比分析和斯皮诺素的含量测定;采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱,在正离子模式下,以多反应监测扫描方式可实现酸枣仁皂苷A和B的含量测定;最终以雷达图展现上述10种成分的半定量和定量数据。应用上述方法,该研究对比分析了实验室自制的3批酸枣仁水提物和15家供应商的15批提取物样品。结果显示,实验室自制的3批酸枣仁水提物虽然原料来自不同饮片企业,但总体差异性不大,而不同厂家提供的酸枣仁提取物样品成分含量差异巨大,提示不同厂家存在辅料稀释、理枣仁掺假和醇提或纯化富集等情况。该法为企业制定内控质量标准和筛选合格供应商提供了依据。     

Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis of Semen Ziziphi spinosae by HPLC-DAD Method

Abstract

Reliable, reproducible and valid fingerprint analysis methods using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) for characteristic bioactive flavonoids and saponins of Semen Ziziphi spinosae (SZS) were developed and validated. HPLC separation of the chemical constituents of SZS was performed on an YMC-PACK ODS-A RP-18 column and detected at 270 and 204 nm for flavonoids and saponins, respectively. A mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution was used with linear gradient elution. Using spinosin and jujuboside B as the reference markers of flavonoids and saponins respectively, 9 common fingerprint peaks of flavonoids and 10 common fingerprint peaks of saponins were specified based on the fingerprint analysis of 10 batches of SZS from different regions in China. The fingerprint analysis methods developed are reliable, reproducible and valid, and might be used as a more convenient approach for the species identification and quality monitoring and assessment of SZS.     

Quality evaluation of Semen Cassiae (Cassia obtusifolia L.) by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

A sensitive and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and partially validated to evaluate the quality of Semen Cassiae (Cassia obtusifolia L.) through simultaneous determination of 11 anthraquinones and two naphtha-γ-pyrone compounds. The analysis was achieved on a Poroshell 120 EC-C(18) column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.7 μm; Agilent, Palo Alto, CA, USA) with gradient elution using a mobile phase that consisted of acetonitrile-water (30 mM ammonium acetate) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. For quantitative analysis, all calibration curves showed perfect linear regression (r(2) > 0.99) within the testing range. This method was also validated with respect to precision and accuracy, and was successfully applied to quantify the 13 components in nine batches of Semen Cassiae samples from different areas. The performance of developed method was compared with that of conventional high-performance liquid chromatography method. The significant advantages of the former include high-speed chromatographic separation, four times faster than high-performance liquid chromatography with conventional columns, and great enhancement in sensitivity. This developed method provided a new basis for overall assessment on quality of Semen Cassiae.     

生、炒决明子中无机元素的分析测定

为测定生决明子中无机元素水平,探讨其药效物质基础及炒制对其含量的影响,采用原子荧光法和等离子发射光谱法等测定了不同产地、批次的生、炒决明子中重金属及微量元素的含量。结果表明,不同产地的生、炒决明子含有的重金属元素均没有超过食品卫生标准。决明子经过炮制后,无机元素变化情况:硫、钠、铬、钡、锂、镍、锶等元素炮制前后变化不大;钙、钾、镁、锰、锌有益元素的含量略有增高;汞、铅、砷有害元素的含量略有下降。可见决明子饮片药用是安全的,炒制工艺对决明子无机元素含量有一定影响,其特有无机元素的种类和含量对揭示决明子药效的物质基础具有意义。