On the periodic points of a two-parameter family of maps of the plane

We study the dynamics of a two-parameter family of noninvertible maps of the plane, derived from a model in population dynamics. We prove that, as one parameter varies with the other held fixed, the nonwandering set changes from the empty set to an unstable Cantor set on which the map is topologically equivalent to the shift endomorphism on two symbols. With the help of some numerical work, we trace the genealogies of the periodic points of the family of period 5, and describe their stability types and bifurcations. Among our results we find that the family has a fixed point which undergoes fold, flip and Hopf bifurcations, and that certain families of period five points are interconnected through a codimension-two cusp bifurcation.     

Asymptotic properties of nonparametric curve estimates

We consider a class of nonparametric estimators for the regression functionm(t) in the model:y _i =m(t _i ) + _i , 1 i n, t _i [0, 1], which are linear in the observationsy _i . Several limit theorems concerning local and global stochastic and a.s. convergence and limit distributions are given.     

双冠醚研究(Ⅳ)——Schiff碱型和仲胺型双-(苯并15冠-5)对碱金属苦味酸盐的萃取行为

仲胺型双冠醚与四苯硼酸碱金属盐在丙酮溶液中。25℃下的电导说明它们与Na~+可能形成1∶1络合物(冠醚单元∶金属离子),而与K~+、Rb~+、Cs~+离子则形成2∶1络合物。用Schlff碱型和仲胺型双-(苯并15-冠-5)在水-氯仿体系中进行萃取,测量了分配比D和萃取平衡常数K,发现后者的K值均大于前者。双冠醚F_2对K~+的萃取能力最强,选择性最佳。     

Evolutionary rate variation and RNA secondary structure prediction

Predicting RNA secondary structure using evolutionary history can be carried out by using an alignment of related RNA sequences with conserved structure. Accurately determining evolutionary substitution rates for base pairs and single stranded nucleotides is a concern for methods based on this type of approach. Determining these rates can be hard to do reliably without a large and accurate initial alignment, which ideally also has structural annotation. Hence, one must often apply rates extracted from other RNA families with trusted alignments and structures. Here, we investigate this problem by applying rates derived from tRNA and rRNA to the prediction of the much more rapidly evolving 5'-region of HIV-1. We find that the HIV-1 prediction is in agreement with experimental data, even though the relative evolutionary rate between A and G is significantly increased, both in stem and loop regions. In addition we obtained an alignment of the 5' HIV-1 region that is more consistent with the structure than that currently in the database. We added randomized noise to the original values of the rates to investigate the stability of predictions to rate matrix deviations. We find that changes within a fairly large range still produce reliable predictions and conclude that using rates from a limited set of RNA sequences is valid over a broader range of sequences.     

Synthesis of 4,5-diaminopyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoline derivatives by annulation of N,N-dialkyl[2-(pyrrol-1-yl)benzylidene]ammonium salts in the presence of an isocyanide

A facile synthetic method for 4,5-diaminopyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoline derivatives has been developed. Treatment of 2-(pyrrol-1-yl)benzaldehydes with secondary amine hydrochloride/NaI/TMSCl/Et₃N in the presence of an isocyano compound leads to the formation of 4-alkyl(or aryl)amino-5-dialkylaminopyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines.     

Characterization of CNS disorders and evaluation of therapy using structural and functional MRI

Modern drug development requires technologies that allow rapid translation from the preclinical to the clinical stage. It is obvious that non-invasive imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will play a central role in this regard. This article reviews the use of structural and functional MRI readouts for characterization of central nervous system (CNS) disorders and evaluation of the efficacy of potential CNS drugs. Examples comprise dementia of Alzheimer's type, cerebral ischemia, and neuroinflammation covering both clinical and preclinical aspects. In these examples MRI has been used to obtain relevant structural information on brain atrophy, on the location and extent of ischemic brain areas, and on the number and distribution of demyelinated plaques. These structural data are complemented by readouts assessing the functional consequences associated with the pathomorphological changes. In the last decade, MRI has evolved into a standard tool for the development of CNS drugs. With regard to target-specific/molecular imaging applications MRI is limited by its inherently low sensitivity; complementary imaging modalities utilizing optical and radionuclear reporter systems will thus be required.     

高铁酸盐在SnO2-Sb2O3/Ti电极上的选择性电化学合成

合成了SnO2-Sb2O3/Ti电极材料.实验结果证实,在14mol/LNaOH水溶液中和完全避免析氧反应的条件下,Fe(Ⅱ)物种在该电极上进行电化学氧化并生成FeO42-.结果表明,Fe(OH)3在浓NaOH溶液中发生酸式电离,形成可溶于水的FeO2-,该离子的浓度随着碱溶液浓度变化而发生明显变化,而且它还是发生化学氧化和电化学氧化的反应物.在SnO2-Sb2O3/Ti电极上,FeO42-的电化学还原起始电位为0.38V(vs.Hg/HgO,14mol/LNaOH),FeO2-电化学氧化起始电位为0.54V.结果还表明,用电化学方法氧化Fe(Ⅱ)物种生成FeO42-是个多步骤过程.     

Hypercoulometric effect in an electron capture detector polarized with an additional voltage

Summary This paper reports measurements of the current characteristics and of the signal corresponding to a constant concentration of Freon F-11 for an electron-capture detector, supplied with a pulse voltage with a changeable pulse duration, amplitude and repetition time. It was found that an additional voltage applied to the detector cathode increased the detector signal by about 50% and that the maximal signal was observed at 5 V. The influence of the polarized voltage on the electron caputure efficiency coefficient (p) measured with two detectors in series was demonstrated and the reliability of the sample mass calculation by means of (p) is discussed.     

ATR-FTIR study of Bacillus sp. and Escherichia coli settlements on the bare and Al2O3 coated ZnSe internal reflection element

FTIR-ATR has been used for understanding the interaction between bacteria and surfaces in the adsorption progress.