Large eddy simulation of coherent structures in rectangular methane non-premixed flame

Large eddy simulation of a three-dimensional spatially developing transitional free methane non-premixed flame is performed. The solver of the governing equations is based upon a projection method. The Smagorinsky model is utilized for the turbulent subgrid scale terms. A global reaction mechanism is applied for the simulation of methane/air combustion. Simulation results clearly illustrate the coherent structure of the rectangular non-premixed flame, consisting of three distinct zones in the near field. Periodic characteristics of the coherent structures in the rectangular non-premixed flame are discussed. The predicted structure of the flame is in good agreement with the experimental results. Distributions of species concentrations across the flame surfaces are illustrated and typical flame structures in the far field are analyzed. Local mass fraction analysis and flow visualization indicate that the black spots of the flames are due to strong entrainment of oxygen into the central jet by streamwise vortices, and breaking up of the flame is caused by an enormous amount of entrainment of streamwise vortices as well as stretching of spanwise vortices at the bottom of the flame.     

APPROXIMATION OF MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATOR FOR DIFFUSION PROCESSES FROM DISCRETE OBSERVATIONS

This paper is concerned with the approximation of the maximum likelihood estimator of parameter in the nonlinear drift coefficient of an Ito? stochastic differential equation. Trapezoidal rule of approximation and rectangular rule of approximation have been compared when the observations are made at regularly spaced discrete but dense time points.     

Axi symmetric 2D simulation and numerical heat transfer characteristics for the calibration furnace in a rectangular enclosure

This paper presents axi symmetric 2D numerical investigation of the spherical thermocouple calibration furnace in a rectangular enclosure. The focus is on the flow structure inside the Saturn (a hollow spherical cavity), external flow behavior due to annulus block heating and the surface temperature uniformity. Mesh sensitivity analysis is adopted to extract the mesh with minimum number of nodes but with fast convergent finite element solution. The basic strategy here is that temperature perturbation error at a single point instead of a single element contributed to the total perturbation error qualitatively remains the same. Agreement between numerical simulation results and the experiment results is good with a maximum temperature deviation 10 °C for the cavity temperature 400 °C. Finally, standard numerical temperature uncertainty due to variation in thermal conductivity is computed through the sensitivity coefficient using uncertainty analysis.     

A mixed method for free and forced vibration of rectangular plates

This paper presents a very first combined application of Ritz method and differential quadrature (DQ) method to vibration problem of rectangular plates. In this study, the spatial partial derivatives with respect to a coordinate direction are first discretized using the Ritz method. The resulting system of partial differential equations and the related boundary conditions are then discretized in strong form using the DQ method. The mixed method combines the simplicity of the Ritz method and high accuracy and efficiency of the DQ method. The results are obtained for various types of boundary conditions. Comparisons are made with existing analytical and numerical solutions in the literature. Numerical results prove that the present method is very suitable for the problem considered due to its simplicity, efficiency, and high accuracy.     

Closed-form solutions for free vibration of rectangular FGM thin plates resting on elastic foundation

This article presents closed-form solutions for the frequency analysis of rectangular functionally graded material(FGM) thin plates subjected to initially in-plane loads and with an elastic foundation. Based on classical thin plate theory, the governing differential equations are derived using Hamilton's principle. A neutral surface is used to eliminate stretching–bending coupling in FGM plates on the basis of the assumption of constant Poisson's ratio. The resulting governing equation of FGM thin plates has the same form as homogeneous thin plates. The separation-ofvariables method is adopted to obtain solutions for the free vibration problems of rectangular FGM thin plates with separable boundary conditions, including, for example, clamped plates. The obtained normal modes and frequencies are in elegant closed forms, and present formulations and solutions are validated by comparing present results with those in the literature and finite element method results obtained by the authors. A parameter study reveals the effects of the power law index n and aspect ratio a/b on frequencies.     

矩形微槽道饱和沸腾临界热流密度特性

对矩形微槽中的流动沸腾临界热流密度进行了实验研究。研究CHF随质量流速、进口过冷度和出口干度的增加而出现的变化趋势,以及槽道尺寸对CHF的影响。搭建试验平台,在不同槽道当量直径、较大范围的质量流速和不同进口过冷度条件下,获得以去离子水为工质两相沸腾传热的实验数据。由于常规尺寸槽道CHF预测关联式并不具有普遍性,所以提出了一个适用于微槽道饱和沸腾CHF的预测模型。并通过与该文以及参考文献中实验数据进行对比,验证了该模型的适用性。     

碱石灰玻璃表面长方形银纳米颗粒的制备与表征

采用离子交换结合热处理的方法在碱石灰玻璃表面制备了银纳米颗粒。通过紫外-可见分光光度计、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对样品进行了表征。结果表明:热处理时,银离子在玻璃表面成核并生长成近似长方形的纳米颗粒。吸收光谱在416nm附近出现明显的银纳米颗粒表面等离子体共振吸收特征峰。     

LED异形灯的散热设计与实验

为了提高LED灯具的散热能力,基于烟囱效应原理,设计了一种新型的LED灯具散热结构。该结构仅采用一块圆柱状基板,不需要散热器,突破了传统LED灯具的构造模式。运用软件Solidworks构建三维模型,用其插件Flow Simulation进行热仿真。当功率为10 W时,LED芯片最高温度为81.34℃。当功率增加到15 W时,最高温度变为105.54℃,高于芯片安全工作温度85℃。因此,本文提出在基板中间加入散热器的改进方案,使LED芯片最高温度下降了30.79℃。并以散热器翅片数12个、内环直径20 mm、翅片厚度1 mm为基础模型参数,进行优化试验。研究表明:在翅片数为12个、内环直径为12 mm、翅片厚度为1 mm时,LED异形灯的散热效果最好,此时,LED异形灯的最高温度为72.21℃。当功率为8,13,15,17,19 W时,LED异形灯芯片的温度都满足LED工作的安全要求。经过对8 W的LED异形灯样品的实验测试,测得其最高温度为53℃,与仿真结果仅相差1.01℃,证实了研究的准确性。所设计的LED异形灯,为解决大功率LED散热问题提供了一条新的途径。     

拟正则双序集用矩形双序集的余扩张

称双序集E为双序集F用矩形双序集的余扩张,若存在满双序集态射θ：E→F,使对每个α∈F,αθ－1是E的矩形双序子集．本文讨论了拟正则双序集的这种余扩张的性质,给出了它们的结构．作为应用,证明了拟正则的硬双序集实为正则双序集．     

强磁场环境下铁素体钢矩形流体通道内磁场分布研究

用Ansys静磁模块数值模拟了在外加强磁场环境下铁素体矩形通道管中心磁感应强度分布。与文献结果、解析解及实验数据的对比表明,模拟结果与它们基本一致。进一步的数值模拟还表明,铁素体矩形管对其内部的整体磁场分布影响较大,不同区域内产生不同程度的磁力线扭曲及非均匀的磁感应强度分布效应。该分布可能对管道内磁流体动力学效应产生较大影响。