利用功率谱密度评价离子束抛光光学元件表面粗糙度

利用功率谱密度(PSD)评价光学表面粗糙度具有传统评价手段(Ra)所不具备的优势。给出了功率谱密度的计算方法,以及抽样方向与一维PSD曲线的关系。在离子束抛光K9玻璃实验中引入PSD曲线,以评价抛光光学零件的光学表面粗糙度,结合PSD曲线与Ra值能够更全面的指导光学加工。     

Some identities on the Bernoulli, Euler and Genocchi polynomials via power sums and alternate power sums

In this paper, by the generating function method, we establish various identities concerning the (higher order) Bernoulli polynomials, the (higher order) Euler polynomials, the Genocchi polynomials and the degenerate higher order Bernoulli polynomials. Particularly, some of these identities are also related to the power sums and alternate power sums. It can be found that, many well known results, especially the multiplication theorems, and some symmetric identities demonstrated recently, are special cases of our results.     

Diassociativity in Conjugacy Closed Loops

Abstract

Let Q be a conjugacy closed loop, and N(Q) its nucleus. Then Z(N(Q)) contains all associators of elements of Q. If in addition Q is diassociative (i.e., an extra loop), then all these associators have order 2. If Q is power-associative and |Q| is finite and relatively prime to 6, then Q is a group. If Q is a finite non-associative extra loop, then 16 ∣ |Q|.     

超声波处理对渣油加氢过程的影响

对四种减压渣油的超声波处理前后渣油加氢反应产物分布研究表明,超声波处理后渣油加氢反应的焦炭和>500℃残渣油收率降低,气体、汽油、柴油和VGO收率提高,轻油产率提高6~10个百分点,渣油转化率增大,轻质化性能明显增强;不同渣油经超声波处理后的加氢反应性能改变不同;利用超声波处理后渣油加氢的虹吸作用模型,从宏观层次解释了超声波改善渣油加氢效果的原因;超声波处理后杂原子的脱除效果均有不同程度的提高,尤其是对金属钒的脱除影响最为明显。超声波处理后加氢残渣油的饱和分和沥青质含量增加,芳香分和胶质的含量减少。     

Computing the first eigenvalue of the p-Laplacian via the inverse power method

In this paper, we discuss a new method for computing the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of the p-Laplacian inspired by the inverse power method in finite dimensional linear algebra. The iterative technique is independent of the particular method used in solving the p-Laplacian equation and therefore can be made as efficient as the latter. The method is validated theoretically for any ball in Rn if p>1 and for any bounded domain in the particular case p=2. For p>2 the method is validated numerically for the square.     

Applying ultrasonic fields to separate water contained in medium-gravity crude oil emulsions and determining crude oil adhesion coefficients

Separating produced water is a key part of production processing for most crude oils. It is required for quality reasons, and to avoid unnecessary transportation costs and prevent pipework corrosion rates caused by soluble salts present in the water. A complicating factor is that water is often present in crude oil in the form of emulsions. Experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of ultrasonic fields in demulsifying crude oil emulsions using novel pipe-form equipment. A horn-type piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer with a frequency of 20 kHz and power ranging from 80 W to 1000 W was used for experimental purposes. The influences of the intensity of ultrasonic fields, ultrasonic irradiation time, and the initial water content of crude oils were evaluated to establish the rate of water segregation from oil. The experiments applied ultrasonic-field intensities of $0.25$ W/cm³, $0.5$ W/cm³, $0.75$ W/cm³ and $1$ W/cm³ to synthetic emulsions with 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of the water in crude oil. Crude oil demulsification occurred for each ultrasonic field intensity tested for all the samples tested. Function β involving adhesion coefficients was expressed in terms of wave-field intensity and initial concentration of water in each of the three crude oil samples tested. The experiments demonstrated that despite the absence of any chemical demulsifier involved, water separation caused by applying ultrasonic fields was effective and occurred rapidly. As the intensity of the ultrasonic field applied increased, the amount of water segregated from crude oil also increased. Subjected to constant field intensity, higher initial water cuts (up to 15% or so) in the crude oil samples and higher ultrasonic irradiation times, resulted in greater segregation of water from crude oil in percentage terms. However, in samples with initial water cuts of 20+% long irradiation times (~5 min), resulted in a decline in water separation compared to 2-min tests. Ultrasonic field treatments offer commercially-viable and environmentally-friendly alternatives to treatments using chemical demulsifiers as they reduce desalination requirements of wastewater.     

A comparative study of destructive effects resulting from road profile acting on off-road towed vehicles

The more extreme conditions the vehicle is exposed to, the sooner it wears out and deteriorates. In order to determine the forces affecting the lifespan of vehicles we need to know the environmental conditions eliciting these forces.This research aims at elaborating and testing a method which can help to conduct a comparative analysis of forces acting on towed vehicles used in different terrain conditions. Excitation forces acting on a vehicle being towed across terrain cause vibrations which lead to wear and structural deterioration. The rate of deterioration depends on the activating forces resulting from the road profile geometry and the dynamic properties of the vehicle. A knowledge of the relationship between the towed vehicle and the terrain profile will enable the design of an artificial road profile for fatigue testing with which similar stresses arise as during normal use. With the developed comparative method, a connection can be established between stochastic road profiles and road profiles containing artificially built obstacles.